Starbucks Use of Corporate Social Responsibility

In the today’s business world, there are many strategies being used to run businesses. In the recent past, the topic of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has grown rapidly. People are starting to demand that companies take their social responsibility seriously. Many companies have started to engage in CSR as a strategy in order to gain benefits that can give them an added advantage over their competitors. There have been increasing numbers of companies engaged in CSR to run their businesses. Nowadays, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can drive companies to succeed in business by increasing sales volume and brand awareness. I decided to choose Starbucks Company as a case study for this thesis because this company has a good reputation in terms of social responsibility. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Starbucks succeeds in a business world by using CSR as a long-term strategy. You consider CSR strategy in terms of how this company can run business by using innovative technologies to increase the products and reduce costs and no damage to the environment. In addition, you intend to study how this company succeeds in gaining a competitive advantage in its business. Moreover, you also intend to find out how it deals with social responsibilities both in the internal organization and in communities including how it can protect environment. you will focus on five principle areas based on sustainable values-based service business of Starbucks Company andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Starbucks: Organizational Culture1048 Words   |  5 PagesCompanies to work for (Best companies to work for 2007, 2007). It also ranked # 2 Most Admired Companies to work for over all, # 6 for Best People management, # 7 for Best Social responsibility, and # 10 for Best Innovation (Americas most admired companies 2007, 2007). These are incredible numbers, which is why I choose Starbucks as the most culturally appealing company that I would like to work for. After researching this company Ive realized that I truly would love to work for it. I find itsRead MoreEssay about Financial Analysis of Starbucks Corporation1332 Words   |  6 Pagesand Current Industry Status VII. Recommendations for Corporate Improvement Starbucks Corporation Company Analysis Company Description Starbucks began in 1971 with a single store location in Seattles Pike Place Market. From there, they have grown in numbers but maintained their commitment to providing each customer with a drink from a Starbucks barista with a personal connection. According to the comment on the Starbucks corporate website, â€Å"It is just one hand reaching over the counterRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of Starbucks Organization Structure1203 Words   |  5 Pagesstructure, it delegates more creativity, independence and flexibility with in the company, reducing the need for overemployment and increasing the ability for structure. Another form of checks and balances, the company is dived into two parts the corporate side and the cafà ©s, and in stead of dividing the business down the middle the company has unified them. The geographic division of the company is evidence of the functional structure, on a larger scale. Starbucks is a global company they businessRead MoreEthical Cross Cultural Pe rspectives at Starbuck’s Coffee Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Perspectives at Starbuck’s Coffee Vita Carnevale December 5, 2012 Dr. Lena Watson / Ethics316 Ethical Cross Cultural Perspectives at Starbuck’s Coffee Multinational Corporations â€Å"MNC† such as Starbucks, are important factors in the processes of globalization. National and local governments often compete against one another to attract the type of company’s facilities, with the hopes of increased tax revenue, employment, social and economic stabilityRead MoreStrategic Management : Mission And Objectives1176 Words   |  5 Pagesweighted score. With the SFAS, it only takes the strongest aspects of each category. It also calculates the duration of each factor. As with the other analysis summary’s, industry standard remains at 3.0. According to the calculation table below, Starbuck’s SFAS, weighted score is at 3.2. This indicates that although, they are leaders in the industry they need to remain diligent in their strategic management. Review of Mission and Objectives According to all three summary analysis tools that haveRead MoreThe Strategic Management of Starbucks962 Words   |  4 PagesStarbucks Strategic Management How Globalization and Technology Changes Impact Starbucks Globalization and the rapid evolution of technologies are making the Starbucks value chain more demand-driven and customer-focused than it has ever been. Starbucks is unique in that its new product development pipeline is perpetual; it continues between northern and southern hemispheres continually, fuelling new drinks and food products (Starbucks Investor Relations, 2012). Globalization continues to beRead MoreEssay on Enviromental Factors For Starbucks1182 Words   |  5 PagesStarbuck’s Environmental Factors Starbucks has wide range of business activity. These activities allow the company to use numerous channels of product distribution. With the company operating in many locations throughout the world, environmental factors play a major role in marketing decisions. Each distribution channel is affected differently and the company’s flexibility in the marketing plan allows the company to adjust their strategies to meet the needs of the environmental factors that faceRead MoreSwot Analysis : Starbucks Company s Mission, Vision, And Primary Stakeholders Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagessuccess of the primary stakeholders. A SWOT analysis will be used so that their strengths and weaknesses can be analyzed as well as their threats and weaknesses. The five forces of competition will be In this capstone assignment, I will discuss Starbuck’s. I will determine the impact of the company’s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders’ overall success. An analyzation will be performed to identify the five forces of competition and their impact on the company. I will perform a SWOT analysisRead MoreStarbucks : A Large Transnational Corporation1435 Words   |  6 Pages Starbucks is currently the largest transnational coffeehouse company in the world, with 23,768 stores spread across 67 countries. In this paper, I will use academic resources to analyze how Starbucks utilize unique globalizing strategies to become a large transnational corporation, while still maintaining its ethical values. Currently, many transnational companies focus on sourcing efficiency, as they strive to find the cheapest labor in the global market and methods to strategically reduce taxesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Acme Charity1663 Words   |  7 Pagescontinued success, synergistic relationships need to be fostered. For the upcoming event: Celebrating CSR†, it is important to carefully review The Starbucks Corporation prior to inviting them to this AcMe Charity event. Corporate Social Responsibility can be defined as a company’s social performance and the impacts of the company on its internal and external stakeholders, including: customers, suppliers, employees, communities, government and the environment. *** To be socially responsible, the company

Marketing Channels - 1096 Words

Charlotte Langston Marketing Channels The marketing channel(s) that will be used to distribute that product and the reason why these channels were selected Our marketing channels which will be used to distribute the household cleaning products are direct and indirect to consumers and direct and indirect to businesses. Direct selling is a dynamic, vibrant, rapidly expanding channel of distribution for the marketing of cleaning products. Direct marketing presents the product and service directly to consumers in a face to face manner, generally in their homes or homes of others, at their workplace and other places away from permanent retail location. Direct sales typically occur through explanation or person demonstration by an†¦show more content†¦The best way to sell our product is on a one on one with the retailer. Through interaction we could assure the retailer that we are capable of servicing their needs. Personal selling is extremely effective. It is open to greater freedom to satisfy customer informational needs. Especially when selling our product in a highly competitive environment. In perspective, we have the opportunity to sell our cleaning product to a retailer which sells a host of other products similar to ours. It gives us the opportunity to differentiate our product f rom our competition. It allows us to interact with potential buyers and we will gain feedback from the retailer. By personal selling our cleaning product we can convey important information about our product to the retailer and by doing so, build our brand and develop relationships. To promote our cleaning product, we could use displays and counter space to attract the customer. We could offer the customers buy one and get one free promotions or coupons to give them more of a product for a lesser cost. We could give the potential buyer/retailer the opportunity to display our cleaning product on a trial basis. We can offer discount incentives to the retailer. We could base our principal selling technique on the retailers customer needs and desires (depending on the channel). Personal selling will allow us to interact with the retailer to increase their knowledge about our product.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Channels3091 Words   |  13 PagesMarketing channels Term paper Prepared by: Essam Eldin Khater †¢ Marketing Channels literature review    To reach a target market, the marketer uses marketing channels. The marketer uses distribution channels to display, sell, or deliver the physical product or service(s) to the buyer or user. They include distributors, wholesalers, retailers, and agents. The marketer also uses service channels to carry out transactions with potential buyers. Service channels include warehouses,Read MoreMarketing Channels1247 Words   |  5 PagesDISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Distribution Channels and Their Impact on Marketing Strategies Name: Institution: DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Abstract This paper discusses the importance of choosing appropriate channel members and also identifies and discusses criteria that should be used by the car compact disc player manufacturer when evaluating potential intermediaries for the firm’s distribution channel. This is important for this firm since it’s only through these marketing channels that their productRead MoreMarketing Channel44625 Words   |  179 PagesChapter 12 Marketing Channels: Delivering Customer Value 1) Which of the following is NOT a typical supply chain member? A) resellers B) customers C) intermediaries D) government agencies E) raw materials supplier Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 337 Skill: Concept Objective: 12-1 2) ________ the manufacturer or service provider is the set of firms that supply the raw materials, components, parts, information, finances, and expertise needed to create a product or service. A) DownstreamRead MoreTypes of Channels in Marketing1288 Words   |  6 PagesChannel levels Most businesses use third parties or  intermediaries  to bring their products to market. They try to forge a distribution channel which can be defined as all the organisations through which a product must pass between its point of production and consumption Why does a business give the job of selling its products to intermediaries? After all, using intermediaries means giving up some control over how products are sold and who they are sold to. The answer lies in efficiency ofRead MoreThe Fashion Channel - Marketing962 Words   |  4 Pages# 2: The Fashion Channel Overview This document presents information about the conclusions that can be drawn from the consumer and market data based on ‘The Fashion Channel’ case study information (Stahl, 2007). In addition we will also look into the various pros and cons of the segmentation options for the Fashion Channel to increase their revenue stream. Analyzing the Data The Fashion Channel (TFC) was a successfulRead MoreMarketing Distribution Channel2287 Words   |  10 Pageschoosing distribution channels. Keegan and Schlegelmich (2001) explained that distribution channel can be considered as the method which is used for enterprises putting products into the market for consumers to use. The traditional distribution channel goes from supplier, manufacturer, distributor, wholesaler and retailer (Frazier, 1999). Indirect and direct are two different types of distribution channels (Wilkinson, 2001). According to Silva (2008), â€Å"Well-chosen channels constitute a significantRead MoreNike ( Marketing Channel)2584 Words   |  11 PagesUniversity of Essex Business School BE-532 Marketing Channels Nike- Channel Strategy and Conflicts. Individual Report Submited to:Dr. Antonello Romano Name:Virena Georgieva Student ID:0948588 Introduction The main market quality athletic footwear, clothing, sportswear and equipment supplier in U.S. is NIKE. The company’s name, whichRead MoreMarketing Channels : An Effective Marketing Strategy1592 Words   |  7 Pagesto the company’s customer base (Pride, 2014). Marketing channels serve many facets and angles through its successive formation and provide the company with the ability to make products available to customers when and where they are needed, and in the exact amounts that they are needed (Pride, 2014). Marketing channels are also most useful tools for management because it is useful in a company’s development and establishment of an effective marketing strategy. Throughout this assignment the researchRead MoreInternational Marketing Channels - Orana Case5714 Words   |  23 Pages - Increased flexibility †Real options†: To take certain business initiatives and seize opportunities, especially in dynamic environments such as; quickly changing consumer preferences and segments, and high entry/exit of competitors, potential channel partners. - Uppsala model: In 1993 ORANA started its trade with Vietnam by using traditional exports and gradually moved to intensive and demanding operation modes, such as joint venture/production facility which was established in 2002, and nowRead More Marketing Channels Essay examples1066 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Channels The marketing channel(s) that will be used to distribute that product and the reason why these channels were selected Our marketing channels which will be used to distribute the household cleaning products are direct and indirect to consumers and direct and indirect to businesses. Direct selling is a dynamic, vibrant, rapidly expanding channel of distribution for the marketing of cleaning products. Direct marketing presents the product and service directly to consumers

Legligence Case Of Rebecca Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Whether Rebecca has a case of negligence and can she claim damages for her losses from Michelle? Answer: Rule: In a case, where a person fails to exercise reasonable care in a particular situation and causes harm or injury to another person it amounts to negligence (Legal Services Commission, 2013). Negligence comprises of different elements such as: Duty of Concern- It is the lawful duty enforced upon an individual, who is required to abide himself in showing rational concern while doing act which can predict to cause harm. An individual is liable, if he breaches this duty (TheLaw Hand Book, 2016). Contravention of Responsibility- It is done when an individual who has an obligation of concern towards another and intentionally exposes that individual for the material risk of injury. Ones action can cause failure to realize such an injury or harm. Reason- It is the test of legal obligation for exploring whether a particular work or its exclusion by a person is the actual reason of damage caused to another; thus fallout in breach of duty owned to other person who is injured. Immediate Cause- It is the legal responsibility in rational concern rested on other person within a predictable zone of danger, whereby informal connection exists between conduct and result within a zone. Injury- It is the effect of bodily injury, loss, private reputation confirmed from the violation of Obligation of concern. Thus, it enables the injured party to recover compensation. Negligence also includes Contributory negligence. Contributory Negligence occurs when the person who is injured himself is found to have contributed to the cause of harm. If the person who is injured has failed to take reasonable concern of his own safety then he will be found to be contributorily negligent for such acts. Application: Usually under thelaw of Australia, an individual may be liable for negligence if an individual: Owe an obligation of concern towards another person; Fails to take rational concern; and Failure causes to the other person any injury or loss. However, according to law an individual who is injured if contributed to such a loss by failing to show rational concern is said to be contibutorily negligent. According to Section 47 of the Civil Liability Act, 1936(SA), Contributory Negligence has been assumed, if a person who has been injured trusts on the concern and ability of a person who is drunk. Where it has been assumed to be Contributory negligence, the tribunal should decrease the assessment of the compensation of the person who is injured by a fixed percentage. But As per Section 47(2) (b), the assumption can be annulled if the person who is injured constitutes that he was not in a position to logically be anticipated to stay away from such a risk (Legal Vision, 2016). In the present situation, as it was clearly seen that Rebecca had full knowledge of the intoxication of Michelle so primarily was held to be negligence for such a loss occurred to her. Thus, as specified above she should have been liable to recover only a fixed amount of compensation from Michelle. But as it was clearly mentioned, that Rebecca after finding that she has a danger to her life asked Michelle to stop as she wanted to get down of the car. So she will be liable for contributory negligence. Inference can be made from a case where it was held that it is the obligation of the injured person for choosing to sit with a drunken driver (High Court, 2010). In this case court held that a person should take reasonable care to avoid such acts which a person can predict to cause harm to oneself or the other person (Reuters, 2014). A remarkable case in this regard was Jones v. Livox. In this case it was held that contributory negligence requires a predictability of harm to one own self. An individual will be guilty of contributory negligence if he reasonably predicted and had known that if he doesnt act as a reasonable man he will get hurt. And according to his calculations, he must take into account the possibility that the other person is acting carelessly. Therefore, as Rebecca known that she and her friend Michelle both are drunk and if Michelle would drive the car accident may be caused. Rebecca should have stopped Michelle from driving by foreseeing an accident which might take place. So, Rebecca will not be able to ask full compensation for her injuries but can get a fixed percentage of compensation which has been specified under section 47 of the Civil Liability act. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that Rebecca was contributorily negligent for her act as she known the fact that her friend Michelle was drunk as they both had wine together. Before sitting in the car with her she was aware that Michelle was high and was not in a position to drive. So she should have got inside the car. Rebecca should have asked Michelle not to drive because she known the fact that accident could have been caused. Rather when Rebecca sat into the car she voluntarily gave her consent to Michelle and she herself had not acted safely. After travelling a while, if she asked her friend to stop cannot be a plea to ask for compensation for her injury. Negligence and contributory negligence both are included in the current situation. And Rebecca will get damages as specified under Civil Liability Act. The amount will be according to the amount of injury caused too Rebecca (Trindade, Cane, and Lunney, 2007). References: Harlow, C. (2005) Understanding Tort Law. 3rd ed. London: Sweet Maxwell. High Court of Australia (2010) Allen v. Chadwick.[Online] High Court of Australia. [Online] Available from: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/cases/case_a14-2015 [Accessed on 31/08/2016] Klar, L., and Rainaldi, L.D. (1995). Negligence. Scarborough, Ont: Carswell. Legal Services Commission (2013) Negligence.[Online] Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php.[Accessed on 31/08/2016] Legal Vision (2016) Riding High: Whats Your Responsibility If You Get in a Car With a Drunk Driver [Online] Available from: https://legalvision.com.au/riding-high-whats-your-responsibility-if-you-get-in-a-car-with-a-drunk-driver/.[Accessed on 31/08/2016] Reuters, T. (2014). The Law Handbook: Your Practical Guide To The Law In New South Wales. [Online] Available from: https://www.legalanswers.sl.nsw.gov.au/guides/law_handbook/pdf/Ch3_accidents_and_compensation.pdf. [Accessed on 31/08/2016] The Law Hand Book (2016) Negligence, liability and damages. [Online] Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/10_01_01_negligence_liability_and_damages/.[Accessed on 31/08/2016] Trindade, F.N., Cane, P., and Lunney, M. (2007) The Law of Torts in Australia. 4th ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Innovative technology and organizational ecosystem case study

Innovative technology Implementing internal and external technologies. How do the implementation issues differ? How are they the same?Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Innovative technology and organizational ecosystem case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The following factors should be considered when implementing an innovative technology that is developed internally. They are ease of use, level of interaction and needs of users. The innovative technology should be easily applied by high school students. The students should use the technology as a platform for interaction. In addition, students’ requirements for technology should be put into consideration. Needs assessment, training for students, and deployment issues should be considered when implementing an externally acquired technology. Students should be trained on how to use the new technology. If the number of limitations of the technolo gy exceed the amount of its benefits, then there would be no need of implementing it. The new technology should meet the needs of the students and be deployed with ease by high school administration. The implementation of an internal technology would start from the process engineering stage, while the implementation of an externally acquired technology would start with training for students on the applications of the technology. Both technologies would involve testing during implementation (Miluzzo et al., 2008). Evaluating an internally implemented innovative technology To evaluate an internal technology, the following factors should be considered, such as data security, students’ experiences and troubleshooting. Effective technologies have few cases of data insecurity. Students should demonstrate that they use the technology for the intended purposes. Such a technology would be user-friendly and interactive. An effective technology should be easy to troubleshoot when errors occur (White Bruton, 2007).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Acquiring an innovative technology externally The following factors should be considered when acquiring a technology externally: technology failures, financial resources, and software/hardware compatibility issues. The externally acquired technology should have low rates of failure. It should be purchased at an affordable price and does not need to have many hardware and software compatibility issues because they result in low technology functionality (Miluzzo et al., 2008). Organizational Ecosystem Case Study What is a business ecosystem? Do all businesses function within an ecosystem? Why or why not? A business ecosystem is defined as a number of firms that rely on each other. The interactions existing among businesses within a business ecosystem are result of business competition and cooperation. All the o rganizations operate within ecosystems because they interact with suppliers, distributors, and competitors. However, their successes are based on the benefits they obtain from the ecosystems. For a business to survive within competitive environments, it should develop and maintain business relationships with the other firms. It has been shown that a business in an ecosystem affects all the other businesses while the other companies also have a certain influence on it. Business ecosystems are constantly evolving as a result of political and socioeconomic impacts. Political events may lead to stabilization or destabilization of business ecosystems. Economic factors also play crucial roles in shaping the dynamics of business ecosystems. Business organizations need to formulate ways of being flexible and adaptable so that they could survive within dynamic business ecosystems. In most cases, leaders within a business organization fail to understand and analyze firm’s ecosystem. Th us, the leaders often develop strategies that do not help organization to establish beneficial relationships with other businesses (Pires Aisbett, 2003). What potential role does the ecosystem play in Wal-Mart’s innovation efforts? Wal-Mart operates within a dynamic and competitive business ecosystem. The ecosystem plays a crucial role in enabling the firm to achieve its benefits for being innovative (Pires Aisbett, 2003). Wal-Mart has implemented a procurement system, RetailLink system, which has helped it improve its performance. In addition, performances of the other businesses within the ecosystem have been positively impacted by the information system. Using the system, suppliers are able to monitor the sales of products at different stores operated by Wal-Mart. Suppliers could make timely supplies and improvements on products in case they are not being purchased fast.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Innovative technology and organizational ecosystem case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Innovation within the ecosystem has helped Wal-Mart to successfully set up stores offering diverse products. This has also been accompanied by changing the layouts of stores to reflect location demographics. Such adjustments ensure that different stores sell products that satisfy the needs of different consumers within specific business locations. For example, TX Store has been adjusted to provide products and services to the rich consumers in the Plano area. Currently, it sells high-tech electronic and sporting products. Therefore, Wal-Mart has been able to describe its ecosystem and make adjustments that would help it to improve sales and financial performance (Davila, Epstein Shelton, 2012; Rowe, 2004). In terms of innovation and creativity, what are the advantages and disadvantages of functioning within an ecosystem? Firms obtain many benefits from being innovative and creativ e within an ecosystem. Being the first firm to implement an innovative product implies that all the initial benefits go to the firm. For example, Wal-Mart was the first firm to introduce a procurement system within its ecosystem. The procurement system helps its suppliers monitor the sales of their products sold at Wal-Mart stores and make prompt supplies. Being innovate within an ecosystem also enables a firm to understand the dynamics of an ecosystem and take advantage of the existing location demographics. For example, Wal-Mart identifies the affluent Plano area and sets up a specialized store that would sell expensive products to the rich consumers. On the other hand, being innovative and creative within an ecosystem has disadvantages. For example, a firm may introduce an information system that would enhance communication with its suppliers. If the system had many functionally issues, then the competitors of the firm might launch a superior information system. The firm would be disadvantaged because its innovative idea would be overtaken by its competitors. In addition, a company might lose business opportunities to its competitors even after it has identified a unique market segment to offer special products at special prices. This would be the case when a firm does not launch a superior product and maintain its quality. References Davila, T., Epstein, M., Shelton, R. (2012). Making innovation work: How to manage  it, measure it, and profit from it. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Miluzzo, E., Lane, N. D., Fodor, K., Peterson, R., Lu, H., Musolesi, M.,†¦ Campbell, A. T. (2008). Sensing meets mobile social networks: the design, implementation and evaluation of the CenceMe application. Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems, 1(1), 337-350. Pires, G. D., Aisbett, J. (2003). The relationship between technology adoption and strategy in business-to-business markets: the case of e-commerce. Industrial  Marketing Management, 32(4), 291-300. Rowe, A. (2004). Creative intelligence. Discovering the innovative potential in ourselves  and others. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. White, M. Bruton, G. (2007). The management of technology and innovation: A  strategic approach. Mason, OH: Thomson. This term paper on Innovative technology and organizational ecosystem case study was written and submitted by user Mila Conway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Titration lab essays

Titration lab essays The study of acid-base titrations involves consideration of the reactants which occur between acids and bases. For this purpose, it is convenient to distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases. The term strong usually refers to a substance which is completely dissociated into its component ions in a solution, while weak generally refers to a substance which is only partially dissociated. The principle of this experiment was to find out if the label on the bottle of vinegar was correctly displaying the percent mass of acetic acid as 5 percent through titration. Titration involves the process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of known concentration in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown by a color change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration. In this experiment the technique of titration was used to determine the concentration of solutions of acids and bases. By carrying out this process, concentration of the unknown solution can be calculated. In this lab, vinegar was added to a flask, as well as the color indicator phenolphthalein, and NaOH was added slowly until the amount of moles of base and acid were equivalent. From this the concentration of vinegar was determined, as well as the percent composition of acetic acid, proving that vinegar without a doubt is 5 percent acetic acid. The Phenolphthalein indicator is pink in basic solution, colorless in acid. We measured out three 25.0-mL samples of the unknown acid solution (recording the precise value of the volume each time), and put two drops of phenolphthalein in each. We than filled the buret to near the top with the standard NaOH solution and record the initial level. After that we slowly added NaOH to the acid solution, being careful to turn it ...

Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S

Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S By Maeve Maddox Aika asks: how do I properly sequence s and punctuation marks? As I can’t think of any example of beginning a quotation with a disembodied ‘s, I’ll offer this guideline from the Chicago Manual of Style: . . . A term enclosed in quotation marks . . . should never be made into a possessive. 7.30 For example, you can write the Atlantic Monthly’s editor or Gone With the Wind’s admirers because the titles taking the possessive are italicized. You may not, however, do the same thing with the title of a short work such as â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn.† Titles of short works are enclosed in quotation marks. You would have to rearrange your phrasing so as not to have: â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s admirers. You’d rephrase it as admirers of â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn.† Here is a related entrance on Chicago: Q. When indicating possession of a word that ends in s, is it correct to repeat the s after using an apostrophe? For example, which is correct: â€Å"Dickens’ novel† or â€Å"Dickens’s novel†? A. Either is correct, though we prefer the latter. Please consult 7.15–18 for a full discussion of the rules for forming the possessive of proper nouns. For a discussion of the alternative practice of simply adding an apostrophe to form the possessive of proper nouns ending in s, see paragraph 7.21. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 10110 Techniques for More Precise WritingContinue and "Continue on"

Rules, Rights and Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rules, Rights and Justice - Essay Example Parliament is normally influenced by public opinion and social changes into making laws through Acts of parliament. There are various origins of Acts of parliament, which are caused by the variations in public and social opinions. Consequently various Acts of parliament are enacted, laws established to ensure a peaceful cohabitation of the people with its environs. Most of these will be addressed in this paper to find out the numerous ways the public can affect establishment of laws. Origin of Acts of Parliament There are different origins of Acts of parliament in England and Wales. Some of these include; national emergency crisis, manifestos of parties, the law commission, royal commission and the private members bills. The party manifestos refer to those lists of reforms promised by political parties when there is a general election. They do guarantee they would implement if they are elected into parliament. In other terms, party manifestos are simply pre-election promises. The Act s of parliament may be obtained from the pre-election promises on which the elected government made to the public (Block 2, 2012; p. 93). Nationwide emergency, crisis or fresh developments which arise during the reign of a government might force the parliament to establish an Act to deal with the crisis. For instance, the Anti-Terrorism, crime and Security Act 2001 was brought up to respond to the latest circumstances concerning the terror attack on September 11, 2001 in New York and Washington. The main objective of the 2001 Act was to cut down on financing for the terror groups, ensuring the departments and agencies in the government had authority to gather and share important information needed to deal with terror threats. In addition, the 2001 Act had the aim of expanding police jurisdiction and accessibility to appropriate forces and pass on to UK’s anti-terror authority (Block 2, 2012; p. 95). The royal commissions at times submit their report to the parliament with rec ommendations for laws which may be assumed as part of the government lawmaking process. Royal Commissions are recommended committees enacted by the State even though officially selected by the Crown. The commission conducts an investigation for any subject the government might see fit to refer to. These are normally used for political issues that are not related to any party or for matters the government deems to be perceived as addressing in a non-party political manner (Block 2, 2012; p. 101). A recommendation from the law commission is also another source of Parliamentary Acts. The main aim of creating the law commission was to establish recommendations concerning any subject of the law that the commission might feel necessary to have reforms. Thus the commission is mandated with the accountability of keeping all the regulations under the review with the objective of reform and development. The work of the commission is wide-ranging in the sense that it proposes the changes to th e law inclusive of the necessary reforms. The private member bills are also another source of the Acts of parliament. This is a situation where the individual members of parliament are able to initiate their own laws otherwise known as the Private Member’s Bill. One good example of the successful private member’s Bill which was signed into legislation is the Marriage Act 1994. This was initiated by Gyles Brandreth, Chester’

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operation management - Essay Example But one thing we wouldn’t like to do is to pay much for such services. To be able to deliver quality services and goods to the customers, there are management skills that are needed. Operations management therefore focuses on such management skills that lead to higher productivity and increase responsiveness, providing more choice to customers and delivering quality standards. In short, operations management involves analyzing business processes and how to improve them (Investopedia, 2013). Progressing further, operations, management can be defined as the administration of business practices in order to create the highest level of efficiency in an organization. It is thus concerned with converting materials and labor into goods and services in an efficient way in order to maximize the profit of an organization. Therefore, the operational management team is concerned with designing the inputs (materials, labor, and overhead) conversion methods, into outputs (goods, services and value added products), that brings benefits to the organization. Arguably, one would say that high level efficiency in an organization may be attained without employing certain administrative practices; hence operational management has no importance in making the business attain efficiency or maximize profit. This paper is meant to find out the solution between either using operation management or no operation management to achieve organizational efficiency. Nonetheless, one would wonder if firms that do not employ proper operations management techniques would also be able to maximize on their profits as they improve on the efficiency of the firms. This is as opposed to those firms that are keen about the kind of operations management techniques that are employed in their daily operations. Obviously, it becomes very necessary for all types of organizations to consider operations management since they all produce a mixture of some goods and services. In smaller organizations, many o perations management activities are done by the other employees who are involved in many other operations of the firm such as marketing staff and accountants. Operations management is considered important in any organization as it aids in making the decisions that would impact the costs of producing the products and services that the firm is involved in. It also aids in making a decision that would impact how well the products and services are delivered, which then is critical to the revenue that the organization receives. This would then mean that, when good operations management programs are put in place, the cost of production would be less while the products and services delivered would be of high quality, hence the resulting revenue that would be received by the organization will be high. When poor operations management programs are put in place, less revenue will be earned, hence good operations techniques are essential for profit maximization in any organization. Following th at, to illustrate this fact, a certain restaurant has employed two different operations management techniques in order to compare the cost of operations involved in running the restaurant. For the first three months, the restaurant hired excess workers and used to purchase materials in excess so that extra material could be given to the workers to avoid going bad. After the here months, a new management was put in place and there was a difference in the

Preferred language style Essay Example for Free

Preferred language style Essay Conduct a debate on: Most job candidates are concerned with baseline pay. Incentives and benefits do very little to persuade a candidate to accept an organization’s employment offer if baseline compensation is slightly below the candidate’s expectations. Incentives and other benefits are frequently given lesser importance by the candidates who want to join a new job. There are several reasons for this:- 1. Many of the employees do not give enough of importance to benefits and incentives that are not financial. They usually focus on improving their pay packages rather than their non-pay benefits. 2. Many candidates may not be sure whether they would be able to earn the incentives and other benefits provided. They would feel that such packages are merely eyewashes so that the job appears attractive and are able to take it up. 3. People often evaluate growth rate and the development rate in terms of monetary funds than by determining the incentives and other benefits. 4. Baseline pay is given greater importance to fairness by the employees than the incentives. 5. The external competitiveness is greater when the employees are being paid a higher baseline salary compared to incentives. 6. When the candidate comes for the interview for the job, he/she may consider to job duties to be tough. In such a circumstance, he/she would be considering earning the incentives very difficult, and hence would be looking at increasing their baseline salary. 7. People would more easily settle down for a job that offers more security (one that gives higher monetary funds) compared to those that are insecure and offer incentives. 8. Some employees may consider incentives as a form of encouragement for doing extra work. Many employees may even feel that incentives may prompt them to work beyond working areas, which may be not liked. References: Frederiskon, L. W. (1983). â€Å"Contents. † Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. http://www. haworthpress. com/store/Toc_views. asp? TOCName=J075v05n01_TOCdesc=Volume%3A%205%20Issue%3A%201 HRMC (2007). Baseline Pay, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own Private Radio Web site: http://www. citehr. com/baseline-pay-vt1462. html My Own Private Radio (2006). On employee compensation – note #3, Democracy in Action, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own Private Radio Web site: http://myownpirateradio. com/2006/02/13/on-employee-compensation-%E2%80%93-note-3-democracy-in-action/

motivation :: essays research papers

I once had an interesting conversation with the owner/manager of a clothing manufacturing company. He operated a large and successful business, principally supplying uniforms for the corporate market. He was surprised by some of his workers. They worked on a piece work rate (paid per item) and some of the very efficient staff did not produce as much as they were capable of. They worked hard at the start of the pay period, but then they tapered off. He expected them to work hard the whole time, as they were paid by what they produced - the harder they worked, the more they were paid. He expected that the extra money reward would motivate them. Motivation is a complex concept. Remuneration is also complex. Individuals react in different ways to pay schemes. A simple explanation for the clothing worker behaviour is that they did not work just for the money. They enjoyed the working environment and the social interaction it provided. They liked to have work, to be employed, and yes they needed a certain level of income. But once they achieved that, the pressure to work hard was reduced. Given that the actual work task was quite monotonous and repetitious, it was not surprising that they exhibited this behaviour. Drastic work design was required. People think that money is a motivator. It does have an effect, but motivation involves far more. Sales people are the classic example. Most are on performance based schemes. But what is one of the main themes sales and marketing consultants write about? You guessed it - how to motivate your sales team! Consultants would not need to write motivation articles if financial reward alone worked. Equity in compensation practices Positive effects come from good financial and non-financial rewards. It is very important to have a well managed remuneration system in place. Fair and reasonable reward is essential and very important for good morale. I believe strongly in the equity theory of motivation. Simply put, the theory states that people have to believe that their pay is equitable with others. When they compare their salary and benefits with their colleagues and co-workers, they must believe that they are being fairly compensated. If they believe their compensation is not equitable, they become very de-motivated and their work performance suffers. Financial and nonfinancial rewards I subscribe to the theory that states it is the nature of the work that is important.

Causes of Indian Mutiny Essay

The Indian Mutiny, which occurred in 1857, was the consequence of a number of problems that had arisen as a result of the British occupation of India. It began as a mutiny of the sepoys, a class of soldiers. However, it soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions in the northern and central parts of India. The British occupation caused political, economic and cultural problems in India. This led to disharmony between the two sides. Political forces were a main cause of the Indian Mutiny, that were through overpowering from the British rule. Nationalism had brought a great sense of pride to the conquering nation, where it was seen as both fashionable and right to conquer a nation. This had led to the arrival of the British East India Company where it had strongly implanted itself in the Sub-continent after the victory over Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey fought in 1757. This continued with the English defeating many other forces and brightened the prospects of the company in the country. Many problems had arisen with the rule of the British, where they had enforced extremely heavy taxes upon the India people as well as new land revenue systems had ruined many peasant farmers, which had caused both political and cultural discontent within the Indian people. The doctrine of lapse and the annexation of Oudh by Dalhousie struck at the traditional ways of life and caused hatred throughout the Indian Sub-continent. This had meant that the rulers of each Indian State had lost their land as they had no male heirs. Problems relating to religion had also occurred when the new Enfield rifle was introduced to replace the old musket where the cartridge was heavily greased with animal fat containing both Cows and pigs, which were seen as both sacred and unclean from the Hindus and Muslims respectively. Religious and cultural forces such as the spreading of Christianity and the suppression of traditional practices contributed greatly to the First War of Indian Independence. The changes that the British had made to Indian ways created considerable discontent and disturbances across India. Due to the introduction of steamships, the closeness of the British and Indians disappeared as many families joined their officer husbands, meaning that the officers spent less time with their Sepoys or Indian mistresses. The education system brought about a group of higher-caste men, however jobs were not available to them. There was also fear among the Hindus that their religion would be lost by Christianity. Both the army and the civil population were under the fear that the government intended to make everybody a Christian. Missionary activity was extended by Englishmen all over the country. Furthermore, there were some major reforms such as the abolition of child marriage and the suppression of Sati. These were all major contributing factors to Indian Mutiny which saw the Indians being defeated by the British. There were also many economic reasons behind the Indian Mutiny. During their time in India, the East India Company were successful in building power. Over one and a half centuries, numerous bribes allowed the East India Company to operate in overseas markets. However, this did not benefit local business. For example, the cheap imports of South Asian products, including silk and cotton decreased the profits of domestic businesses. The introduction of the British ‘Doctrine of Lapse’, helped the British to expand their imperial domain. As a result of this doctrine, Indian princes were forbidden from inheriting land from people who they were not natural heirs of. This gave the British vast amounts of land. By 1857, the independence of the remaining states had been reduced, and the East India Company was exporting untold amounts of luxuries back to England each year. These included, gold, silver, silk and cotton. The economic advantages for the British left many Indians out of business or with decreased profits. This caused animosity between the two parties, which led to the Indian Mutiny. In conclusion, the Indian Mutiny had occurred due to various reasons broadly in the category of political, economic and cultural. The British presence in India caused the changes. These had changed the future of India and the many citizens within the nation.

Myanmar

Myanmar is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Despite its lush natural resources, the country formerly known as Burma has remained among Asia’s struggling economies, notwithstanding the fact that its neighbor, Thailand, has periodically rebounded from the boom-bust cycle of the international economy, including 1990s Asian Financial Crisis. Even if there be economic pitfalls like these, Myanmar has always been known for its two social pillars – the Buddhist monks and the Burmese military. For years, the these two socio-political institutions have always been embroiled in a love-hate relationship especially in amassing the support of the Burmese people, as evidenced in the current political crisis engulfing all of Myanmar today. On the other hand, it is important to note that Myanmar was a former direct British colony, from 1824-1886 and subsequently became a province of India until it gained full independence in 1948. Burmese history post-independence though may be best described as a waltz between the exercise of democracy and the iron grip of the Burmese military institution, as the Burmese military junta has always wielded political and economic power in Burma since the time of Gen. Ne Win until today, under the leadership of Gen. Than Shwe. Presently, several indicators may serve to show the level of development Burma has reached – the Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (PCGDP), Literacy Rate, and the Life Expectancy. These three are very important indices in determining whether or not the Burmese government and its people are successful in substantially improving the lives of members of their society. The Burmese PCGDP is pegged at $1,800 (2006 est.), a far cry from the $9,200 (2006 est.) PCGDP of its neighbor Thailand and even its similarly situated neighbor Laos whose PCGDP is at $ 2,200. (cia.gov) On the other hand, Burma has been successful in ensuring that majority of its population can read and write, as its 89.9% literacy rate is only a few percentages lower than Thailand’s 92.6%. Life expectancy in Burma is also very low at 62.52 years old, while Thailand’s life expectancy is at 72.55 years old. Actually, the life expectancy in more underdeveloped neighbor Bangladesh is slightly higher than the Burmese average, at 62.84 years old. (cia.gov) Over and above the usual economic explanations as to the depressing levels of poverty in Burma, a major basis for the continuing economic underdevelopment in Burma shall always be the authoritarian rule of the Burmese government and the patent lack of democracy and freedom in the country. A main factor for the stunting of the Burmese economy is the strict government controls on all sectors of the economy by the ruling junta. Even as the world has already started embracing the principle of eliminating barriers to international trade, the Burmese economy continues to institute questionable economic policies such as a distorted interest rate regime and multiple official exchange rates. (cia.gov) Moreover, the discredited image of the Burmese military junta to the world has also resulted in a lukewarm investment climate, diminishing foreign assistance by developed countries, and economic sanctions, especially due to its protracted and continued crackdown on pro-democracy dissidents including Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi. Such an unfortunate economic and political situation would definitely lead to dire results insofar as human development is concerned, the result of which would be the low life expectancy of the Burmese people. To a certain extent, it is very safe to surmise that the low life expectancy can be logically attributed to the failures of years of military junta rule in delivering basic social services to the people. Had the Burmese government been very effective in delivering primary healthcare to its impoverished countryside notwithstanding ensuring sustained food security, the necessary consequence of such a situation would perhaps lead to a higher life expectancy rate than what Burma currently faces. Apparently, if one looks at the CIA world ranking on life expectancy, Burma at 168th place would find itself in the company of countries and states which had histories of problematic governments and states which do not necessarily hold the interest of their peoples at heart due to pervasive corruption, civil strife, among others. (cia.gov) On the other hand, it would seem surprising that an impoverished country like Burma would have such a high literacy rate of 89.9%, especially as similarly situated underdeveloped countries such as Haiti and Cambodia have very low literacy rates, at 52.9% and 50.2%, respectively. The explanation for this would perhaps lie on the fundamental interest of the Burmese junta to educate and consolidate the people towards assimilating themselves to the legitimacy of the authoritarian regime, as an uneducated people would definitely plant the seeds of civil unrest and challenge the regime. This conjecture is offered in the light of similarly high literacy rates in other authoritarian yet impoverished regimes the world over, such as Cuba and North Korea, both of which have literacy rate of 99%. (cia.gov) The primordial prerequisite for the economic development of Burma today needs more than a simple implementation of liberalization measures in its economy, as the basic problem lies in the very structure of its institutions, particularly the manner by which the Burmese government wields power. If there is no room for discussion of different economic theories and policies which have worked for countless other impoverished nations, no shift towards economic liberalization and deregulation policies can ever be hoped in Burma as an authoritarian government shall always tend to believe only the policies and theories which it would want to pursue and implement. While a vast majority of the Burmese people is literate enough, it cannot be said fully at this point whether their literacy actually amounts to the development of countless professionals, scientists, engineers and skilled workers, as their poorly planned economy remains in shambles. In the ultimate analysis, prior to any economic cure which may be instituted to jumpstart its economic for the development of its resources and its people, a political solution must decisively be done if Burma is to move progressively and proactively forwards as a nation. Works Cited: Burma. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. Thailand. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. Rank Order – GDP – per capita (PPP). CIA World Factbook.       November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. Rank Order – Life expectancy at birth. CIA World Factbook.             November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. Myanmar This essay will investigate the role of images in the media’s presentation of current events using the example of Myanmar/Burma protests. It is a well-known scientific fact that humans absorb the greatest amount of information through the visual channel; therefore, contemporary media places a significant emphasis on the use of effective images in the presentation of news. Images coupled with specific vocabulary are the most powerful tool of framing public discourse concerning current events. As for the background information about the crisis in Myanmar/Burma, there has been a series of protests against human rights abuses and crackdown on ethnic minorities going on in the country since late August. The protests have been started by monks and supported by ordinary citizens. In late September, the military government of Myanmar/Burma responded with the police violence and arrests. Such a response sparked a wave of international indignation, and both Myanmar/Burma activists and their supporters abroad call upon the international institutions to take a decisive action to solve the crisis that has not been fully settled yet. For the purposes of this essay, three most influential news media providers were selected, namely CNN, BBC, and Reuters. There is little variation in their representation of the events in Myanmar/Burma, yet each news provider uses its own set of images to communicate its message to its target audience. CNN launched a series of articles tracking down all the developments of the situation in Myanmar/Burma. The article ‘Satellite photos may prove abuses in Myanmar/Burma, researchers say’ (CNN, 2007) is accompanied by a photograph showing a crowd of monks on a demonstration who are surrounded by other citizens. Deep red apparel of the monks contrasts with predominantly white clothes of other citizens, yet this photograph communicates a powerful message that many Myanmar/Burma citizens are united around the noble cause of confronting their government because of human rights abuses. The photograph is probably taken from the plane or any spot high above the Earth surface. This very fact reminds the Western viewer that many media channels are banned from doing on-the-ground reporting from Myanmar/Burma. It further amplifies the perception of the Myanmar/Burma government as authoritarian and undemocratic one. The thing that is probably missing from the image is the presence of authorities. It is well-known that streets of major Myanmar/Burma cities are flooded with the police and sometimes special forces. While the image effectively captures the peaceful spirit of the protests and high level of self-organization, it fails to convey the atmosphere of confrontation between citizens and authorities. BBC frames the story with a noticeable human touch. British media is known to focus on the human factor before examining international political implications of a certain event. The story titled ‘Monks trying to escape Rangoon’ (BBC, 2007) goes together with a photograph of two young monks fleeing away at the top of a truck. In the background it is possible to spot several other trucks carrying other exiles away. This image communicates a dual message: first of all, it persuasively portrays Buddhist monks as innocent victims of the oppressive regime rather than violent protesters; secondly, it indicates that the number of exiles exceeds the number of transport facilities available to them. Furthermore, it makes viewers think about the future of the protesters who are forced to leave their home country because of their political beliefs. It also puts the story in the wider regional context, since the conflict in Myanmar/Burma will also affect all the neighboring countries if exile becomes mass. The inscription under the image reads ‘Many monks are desperate to leave Rangoon, witnesses say.’ The image advances the story by showing that the protesters are ready to trade the risk and insecurity of fleeing to another country from relative political freedom they can enjoy abroad. Another BBC story, ‘Burmese play tense waiting game’ (BBC, 2007), also features an effective use of visual images. One of the images that accompany the story features Gen Than Shwe who heads the ruling junta and controls the army. The facial expression of Gen Than Shwe is conspicuously aggressive and hostile. To the Western viewer, such an image reminds of other historical forms of military dictatorship, ranging from Soviet-era military buildup to juntas in Latin America. Perhaps the most effective use of visual images has been done by the Reuters (2007). Together with a series of stories, it offers a slideshow of 25 photographs representing the course of development of events in Myanmar/Burma. One of the photographs features a Buddhist monk standing by a placard that reads ‘Free Political Prisoners, Listen to the People.’ Young man is wearing glasses (the fact that resonates with the collective image of ‘intelligentsia’ from developing countries) and has a very determined expression on his face. While there is a grammatical mistake in the word ‘Political,’ the image still credits the protesters for their brave attempts to attract the attention of international community. In such a way, Western media frames the public discourse about the events in Myanmar/Burma is a sympathetic way and calls upon Western governments and international organizations to render necessary support to the peaceful protesters and population of the country. References CNN. ‘Satellite photos may prove abuses in Myanmar, researchers say.’ September 28, 2007. October 3, 2007. BBC. ‘Monks ‘trying to escape Rangoon’.’ October 3, 2007. October 3, 2007. BBC. October 3, 2007. ‘Burmese play tense waiting game. October 3, 2007. October 3, 2007. The Reuters. ‘Myanmar junta arrests more.’ October 3, 2007. October 3, 2007.   

Philosophers essays

Philosophers essays A Comparison of Classic And Contemporary Philosophers Why is it so important that young children in our society receive a good education? The answer to that question is very simple; because they are our future. The old saying the youth of today are the leaders off tomorrow holds more truth than many people realize. By giving children a good start at an early age we are only helping ourselves as well as the children. A good example of this is can be seen in our society. By the time a teacher in our society retires from his or her position their students will have made it out into the real world and taken jobs. This new generation will be the ones to make the decisions about laws such as Social Security, and Medicaid. The students will be able to turn these programs around and make them more beneficial to their recipients. These teachers who are now retired will be the ones who are collecting Social Security and reaping the benefits of the childrens solid education. The idea of educating the youth is not even close to a new idea . Philosophers such as Jean Jacques Rousseau in the seventeen hundreds and even farther back than that to the time of Plato in three hundred eighty six B.C. and after. Both of these great men shared similar ideas on how children should be taught so that they can get the most out of their education. Though educational philosophy dates back thousands of years, there are still many great thinkers who are revolutionizing teaching with their philosophies today. In the later part of the twentieth century there was also Paulo Friere who is considered by some to be the greatest thinker of his time and also Maxine Greene who has also greatly changed education in todays society. Thanks to these great minds along with many others, modern day education was revolutionized. Many of the teaching techniques and ideals that are practiced in the classroom today originated from these philosop...

Understanding the K1 Fiancee Visa Process

Understanding the K1 Fiancee Visa Process A K1 fiancee visa is a non-immigrant visa, which allows a foreign fiancà © or fiancà ©e (to simplify things, well use fiancee in the rest of this article) entry into the U.S. to marry a U.S. citizen. After marriage, an application is made for an adjustment of status for permanent residence. Obtaining the K1 visa is a multi-step process. First, the U.S. citizen files a petition to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Once that is approved, the foreign fiancee will be allowed to complete the process to obtain a K1 visa. The foreign fiancee will provide additional documentation to the local U.S. embassy, attend a medical exam and visa interview. Filing the Fiancee Visa Petition The U.S. citizen (also knows as the petitioner) submits a petition for his or her foreign fiancee (also known as the beneficiary) to the USCIS.The petitioner submits Form I-129F Petition for Alien Fiance, along with Form G-325A Biographic Information, current fees and any required documentation to the appropriate USCIS Service Center.After a few weeks, the U.S. petitioner receives Form I-797, the first Notice of Action (NOA), from the USCIS acknowledging that the petition has been received.Depending on processing times, the petitioner then receives the second NOA from the USCIS acknowledging that the petition has been approved.The USCIS Service Center forwards the petition to the National Visa Center.The National Visa Center will process the file and run preliminary background checks on the beneficiary, then forward the approved petition to the beneficiarys embassy, as listed in the I-129F. Acquiring the Fiancee Visa The embassy receives the file and processes it locally.The embassy sends a package to the beneficiary that includes a checklist of documents that must be collected. The beneficiary will be instructed to send certain items back to the embassy immediately, while other items will be brought to the interview.The beneficiary will complete the checklist and any forms, include any documents required immediately and send the package back to the embassy.Once received, the consulate will send a letter to the beneficiary confirming the date and time of the visa interview.The beneficiary attends a medical interview.The beneficiary attends the visa interview. The interviewing officer will review all documents, ask questions, and make a decision on the case.If approved, the K1 fiancee visa will be issued that day or within the week, depending on the embassy. Activating the Fiancee Visa - Entering the U.S. The beneficiary will travel to the U.S. within 6 months of the K1 fiancee visa being issued.At the port of entry, an immigration officer will review the paperwork and finalize the visa, allowing the beneficiary to officially enter the U.S. First Steps - In the U.S. The K1 fiancee visa holder should apply for a Social Security number shortly after entering the U.S.The couple may now apply for a marriage license. Watch your timing! Most states apply a short waiting period between applying for the license and the marriage ceremony. Marriage The happy couple can now tie the knot! The marriage must take place within 90 days of activating the K1 visa. After Marriage If the foreign spouse is making a name change after marriage, take the new Social Security card and marriage certificate back to the Social Security Administration office to make a name change on the card. Adjustment of Status Now its time to apply for an Adjustment of Status (AOS) to become a permanent resident. It is important to file for the AOS before the K1 expiry date, otherwise, you will be out-of-status. If the foreign spouse wants to work in the U.S. or travel outside the U.S. before permanent resident status is granted, an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and/or Advance Parole (AP) must be filed along with the AOS.

1.Argue your opinion as to why people resort to terrorism as a means Essay

1.Argue your opinion as to why people resort to terrorism as a means to achieving their goals - Essay Example This paper will seek to establish the factors that drive people to resort to terrorism as a means of attaining their goals. One reason as to why people can at times choose to resort to terrorism as a means of attain their goals is because as the world continues to become increasingly globalized, economic problems and poverty have often been cited as being a contributing factor that serves to promote terrorism. Terrorists are often driven by a lack of upward mobility and a sense of relative depravation within their societies. The modern media and globalization have served to give poor individuals a rather acute awareness of their situation as compared to those who are well off (Thakur, 153). This is noted to often lead to humiliation, victimization and frustration among the rapidly growing cohorts of uneducated and unemployed urbanized Muslim youth who are able to make comparisons across countries. The glaring economic differences between the Western world and themselves can often serve to infuriate individuals in the underdeveloped countries, a factor which can often have the effect of significantly incr easing hostilities and tension. The development of such situations often allows organizations to gain the much needed attention and easy entry into societies that feel that they have been wronged by these perceived social injustices. A second reason as to why people can at times choose to resort to terrorism as a means of attain their goals is because of video games and mass media. In the essay appearing in an issue of Rolling Stone magazine, John Davidson points out that media video games violence can at times have the effect of causing increased violence among children (Qtd. in Ackley 290a). In the article Davidson highlights the results of a case study in which the results of a survey on 875 third-graders showed that

Rivalry between the Two Online Shopping Companies Assignment - 1

Rivalry between the Two Online Shopping Companies - Assignment Example The researcher states that China has become one of the most attractive (in terms of profitability) international markets for making FDIs, and hence, many foreign companies have already entered in this market and other new entrants are trying to enter. However, the domestic Chinese companies have realised market potential considering the performances of the foreign companies in China. Online trading in China has come a long way. The start of China’s online or E-tailing revolution was slow because of several key issues. The political, Legal and social structure in China had many internet based companies question the profitability of setting up e-business in China. Lack of proper infrastructure also delayed the entrance of e-business in China. China lacked technological and financial backing to enter the e-business market. The main reason which made companies avoid China for their e-business was the uncertainty about the policies that the Chinese government will devise to attract foreign industries. China had an extremely low internet penetration. A very selective elite percentage of Chinese population had access to computers and internet. The legal framework regarding the laws and policies governing e-business were not stringent. Buyers often after bidding something online would back out on payment. Such casual approach discouraged many e-businesses from entering Chinese market. The buyers were often not provided with the product they had ordered for. These trends had made the buyers in China very sceptical about the credibility of online purchase. A survey conducted in 2002 by China internet network information centre (CINIC) showed that 13.9 percent of buyers in China did not receive their ordered products.

Mong Schoolchildrn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mong Schoolchildrn - Essay Example This book hÐ µlps to gÐ °in Ð °n insight on whÐ °t mÐ °kÐ µs Ð ° good tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr, Ð °nd Ð °n Ð µxÐ µmplifiÐ µd rolÐ µ of thÐ µ tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr Ð °nd Ð °bility to improvÐ µ Ð ° child’s lifÐ µ without Ð µvÐ µn rÐ µÃ °lizing it. This book rÐ µvÐ µÃ °ls thÐ µ story of Ð ° young tÐ µÃ °chÐ µrs lifÐ µ Ð °nd work in thÐ µ KÐ µlly School, Ð ° pÐ °rt of thÐ µ HolyokÐ µ, MÐ °ssÐ °chustÐ µÃ µs school systÐ µm. ThÐ µ book providÐ µs insight into whÐ °t it is likÐ µ tÐ µÃ °ching in Ð ° multiculturÐ °l clÐ °ssroom Ð µnvironmÐ µnt Ð °nd how importÐ °nt it is to bÐ µ Ð °blÐ µ to monitor Ð °nd Ð °djust to troublÐ µd studÐ µnts, how vitÐ °l it is to chÐ °ngÐ µ your mÐ µthods of working, whÐ µrÐ µ tÐ µÃ °ching Ð ° 24/7 profÐ µssion, not Ð ° 8:00-5:00 job. During thÐ µ wholÐ µ yÐ µÃ °r Chris tÐ °cklÐ µs not only issuÐ µs of difficult studÐ µnts but pÐ µrsonÐ °l issuÐ µs Ð °s wÐ µll. This book providÐ µ s futurÐ µ tÐ µÃ °chÐ µrs with Ð ° much rÐ µquirÐ µd glÐ °ncÐ µ Ð °t thÐ µ rÐ µÃ °litiÐ µs of tÐ µÃ °ching whÐ µrÐ µ strÐ µss of bÐ µing Ð ° tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr is Ð µvidÐ µnt. From SÐ µptÐ µmbÐ µr to JunÐ µ, Chris ZÐ °jÐ °c, Ð ° compÐ °ssionÐ °tÐ µ, dÐ µvotÐ µd tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr strugglÐ µs with thÐ µ nÐ µÃ °rly supÐ µrhumÐ °n tÐ °sk of tÐ µÃ °ching innÐ µr-city childrÐ µn, mÐ °ny from impovÐ µrishÐ µd Ð °nd brokÐ µn homÐ µs. .It fÐ µÃ µls likÐ µ you Ð °rÐ µ in thÐ µ clÐ °ssroom with Mrs. ZÐ °jÐ °c. TrÐ °cy KiddÐ µr dÐ µscribÐ µs Ð ° rÐ µÃ °l tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr Ð °nd hÐ µr studÐ µnts Ð °nd tÐ °kÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µÃ °dÐ µr with thÐ µm through thÐ µ school yÐ µÃ °r. ZÐ °jÐ °c mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µd to rÐ µlÐ °tÐ µ thÐ µ problÐ µms Ð °s wÐ µll Ð °s thÐ µ succÐ µssÐ µs in thÐ µ clÐ °ssroom.

Effects of Indoor Plants on Air Pollution

Effects of Indoor Plants on Air Pollution Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? 1.0 Introduction I did further research and found out that indoor air pollution phenomenon has urged the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) scientists to study the functions of plants to provide clean indoor air. NASA has become the pioneer towards this research and recently has been widened by many other associations like the Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc. endorsed by the Plants for Clean Air Council in Mitchellville, Maryland[1]. Research done by NASA has found out that there are certain plants that have the function to purify the air in a building[2]. They detoxify the existing toxins and pollutants which originate from the things used in daily activities nowadays; fabrics, detergents and also furniture. These pollutants can be classified into three common indoor pollutants according to the list of indoor contaminant that are currently present. There are benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene. (TCE)[3] Plants use the concept of transpiration to work onto this problem[4]. As the vaporized chemical enters the stomatal opening on the leaves of the indoor plants, they are either broken down directly or be sent downwards; down to the root system of the plants.[5] The presence of colonies of microbes at the root system breaks down various kinds of unhealthy compounds; in this case the indoor pollutants, and absorbs them as their source of food[6]. As for the mechanism of transpiration to remove the pollutant, water vapour that is liberated by the leaves of the plants will mix with the air in the atmosphere. Convection of air leads to the movement of the atmospheric air that is contaminated with the vaporized chemical downwards to the base of the plants. I chose 6 types of plants to be experimented by one fixed type of pollutant; formaldehyde. It is normally used in the production of grocery bags, facial tissues, waxed paper, waxed paper[7] and produced by tobacco products, gas cookers and open fireplaces.[8] In the experiment, this chemical is predicted to be absorbed by each plant. Plant that absorbs the chemical the most would be the efficient plant to be included in places mentioned before. 2.0 Aim To study the effect of plants transpiration towards the acidity and mass of formaldehyde in a transparent chamber. 3.0 Planning and method development Firstly, a chamber must be set up to place plants chosen. A pot of selected plant is placed into each chamber. 6 types of plants were chosen, therefore 6 chambers must be created. To make sure that air, sunlight and water could be continuously supplied, I decided that the chamber must be transparent, and there are holes to let air enters. The material that I chose is transparent plastic so that holes can be poked, the wall of the chambers can be flipped to water the plants everyday and plants get sufficient sunlight. I selected formaldehyde as the pollutant to the plants. In each of the chamber, I included formalin of the same amount in a beaker and let it evaporate in the chamber. As formalin CH2O, is a reducing agent[9], therefore it has the ability to release its hydrogen.[10] The more hydrogen ions present in it, the greater the strength of the acid. When evaporation of formalin happens continuously, there will be less in quantity of hydrogen atoms in the aqueous solution. Thus, the acidity of formaldehyde could decrease through evaporation; pH of the formalin increases. So, the pH of the formalin is ought to be checked for every interval of two days. Because concept of evaporation is used, it is for sure the volume of the formalin will reduce. The most effective method to measure this is by getting the mass decrease. I took the reading of the mass of formalin for every interval of two days. I decided to take note on the external condition of all the plants so that analysis on that can be don e to find its relativity with formalin. 4.0 Hypothesis My prediction is that indoor plants have the ability to get rid of formaldehyde, one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home nowadays by absorbing the chemicals through their microscopic openings perforated on their leaves; the stomata[11]. As the chemical evaporates, the molecules of the chemical are absorbed by the plants by gaining entrance through the stomata. These plants transport the absorbed chemical to their root system along the xylem of the plants to be broken down by the microbes present at the roots.[12] As formalin acts as a reducing agent, release of hydrogen could occur. Through evaporation of formalin, there will be less hydrogen atoms could remain in the aqueous solution. Thus, it is possible for the decrease in mass and increase in the pH of the formalin to occur when indoor plants are available. 5.0 Methodology 5.1 Variables a) Independent: * Types of plants chosen to be experimented There are variety types of plants chosen in order to know whether the hypothesis could be accepted. They are Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata â€Å"Bostoniensis†), Janet Craig(Dracaena deremensis), Florists mum(Chrysanthemum morifolium), Kimberly queen fern (Nephrolepis obliterata), Snake plant or mother-in-laws tongue (Sansevieria trifasciata Laurentii), Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) altogether. Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) acts as the control of the experiment to show its less in efficiency to absorb the toxin. Some plants have no ability to absorb the chosen toxin as good as in some indoor plants. b) Dependent: * The rate of absorption of formaldehyde The rate of absorption of formaldehyde is taken as the decrease in mass of formalin over time. This is documented for every interval of two days. Other than that, the acidity of formaldehyde in each chamber is also noted. This is done by using pH paper and pH meter to indicate the change in pH. The pH of the formalin in the chamber is recorded to see the pattern of change in acidity. c) Fixed: * The type of toxin chosen; formaldehyde Liquid formalin is selected to be one of the fixed variables in this experiment so that the analysis of the change in acidity can be done easily. More than one type of pollutant will promote confusion while conducting the experiment as the characteristic of one pollutant differ from one to another. Formalin is the aqueous state of the chemical formaldehyde and the concentration of the liquid formalin is 100%. I made the volume and the concentration of liquid formalin the same in every small beaker included in every transparent chamber. It is important to do so because the pH of the chemical and its mass are to be checked every 2 days throughout the duration of the experiment. The initial pH of the chemical is 3.510 while the initial volume of the chemical is 10  ± 0.5 ml making its mass to be 10.19  ± 0.01 g * The estimated size of the plants chosen The chosen plants are of the same size. There is no specific measurement for the plants sizes so therefore, the size is depending on the experimenters justification by fixing the number of leaves present in every plant chosen. This is due to the mechanism of the absorption of the chemical formalin happens through the microscopic opening present on the leaves; the stomata. It is therefore can be predicted that more tiny opening present on the leaves, the more effective would the rate of absorption be. I decided that the total number of leaves is approximately 15-20 leaves depending on the how broad the surface of the leaves is. * The size of the pyramidal transparent chamber The size of the pyramidal transparent chamber is to be made constant by using the same size and number of transparent plastic bags. The size of the plastic bags is 23cm x 38cm and they are cut into same shapes to fit it with the skeleton of the chamber. The base of the chamber is triangular in shape and constant with the area of  ½ (50cm x 50cm). 5.2 Materials MATERIALS QUANTITY JUSTIFICATION Formalin 120ml Formalin acts as the toxin in the experiment. Tap Water 5 litres This is used to water the plants everyday for 2 weeks duration. 5.3 Apparatus APPARATUS QUANTITY JUSTIFICATION Boston fern (N. exaltata) 1 pot These are the plants chosen to determine their effectiveness to absorb the formalin. Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 1 pot Florists mum (C. morifolium) 1 pot Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) 1 pot Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 1 pot Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 1 pot pH paper 1 box To check the acidity of formalin every 2 days. pH meter 1 To determine the pH of the formalin every 2 days. Disposable plastic cups 24 To be the base of the pyramidal transparent chamber. Plastic and bamboo chopsticks 54 To be the poles of the pyramidal transparent chamber. Electronic balance 1 To measure the decrease in mass of the liquid formalin for every 2 days. 50ml beaker 6 To place the liquid formalin in each chamber. 50ml measuring cylinder 1 To measure the amount of formalin in each 50ml beaker. Transparent plastics for packaging (23cm x 38cm) 1 pack To become the cover of the chamber. 5.4 Methodology to prepare a chamber for the plant A chamber has to be invented to place the chosen plants, considering the needs of those plants to get sufficient sunlight, air and water. I chose transparent plastics and attach them together to create a pyramidal transparent chamber. Holes were also poked to allow air move into the chamber. I included nine chopsticks to be the poles of chamber. A pole comprised of 3 combined chopsticks. To increase its stability, I poked a hole onto the bases of three disposable plastic cups and inserted the chopsticks into the holes. 5.5 Methodology to determine the change in acidity of formaldehyde After the chamber was set up, I prepared the solution of the toxin chosen; formalin.in a 50ml beaker. 10  ± 0.5 ml of the chemical in each beaker was measured using 50ml measuring cylinder. 6 transparent chambers were set up to place 6 types of plants which were the Boston fern (N. exaltata), Janet Craig (D. deremensis), Florists mum (C. morifolium), Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata), Snake plant (S. trifasciata), and Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera). All the 6 chambers contained different pots of plants and 10ml of formalin in a 50ml beaker. At intervals of 2 days, the mass of the formalin was recorded. The procedure to get the mass of formalin in each chamber was as follows; * Take the reading of the mass of 50ml beaker before filling in the formalin by using electronic balance. Repeat the steps 3 times in order to get the average reading. * Weigh the 50ml beaker containing formalin by using electronic balance. Repeat the procedure 3 times in order to get the average reading. The reading of the mass of the formalin + 50ml beaker at intervals of 2 days was recorded. The mass of the formalin was determined by subtracting the average value of the mass of formalin + 50ml beaker with the average mass of the 50ml beaker. The pH was again checked by using pH paper and also pH meter for 2 weeks. The change in colour of the pH paper and the reading of the pH meter were noted and documented. Each of the plants in the chamber was watered once a day using tap water. The amount of tap water must was 20ml per watering and watering time was at 10.30 a.m and 4.00 p.m. every day. Condition for each of the plants was observed for interval time of 2 days. All of results were recorded in a table. 5.5.1 Precaution 1. Beware while handling formalin because it is a dangerous chemical. Since a high concentration of formaldehyde will be used in the experiment, [13]it may cause burning sensation to the eyes, nose and lungs. Thus it could result in allergic reaction because of formalin. 2. Be cautious when building the pyramidal transparent chamber especially when dealing with the bamboo sticks. Avoid any sharp splinter of the bamboo stick from piercing into the skin. 6.0 Data collection TABLE 1: THE pH of FORMALIN IN EACH TRANSPARENT CHAMBER WITH DIFFERENT PLANTS IN 14 DAYS Transparent chamber containing plants Value of Ph of formalin in each transparent chamber according to number of days 2 days 4 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days Boston fern (N. exaltata â€Å"Bostoniensis†) 3.510 3.550 3.570 4.020 4.130 4.260 4.310 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 3.510 3.570 3.580 4.020 4.070 4.210 4.430 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 3.510 3.570 3.590 4.120 4.200 4.320 4.620 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 3.510 3.510 3.520 4.010 4.030 4.050 4.110 Snake plant (S. trifasciata Laurentii) 3.510 3.370 3.360 4.030 4.030 4.030 4.030 Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 3.510 3.370 3.370 3.350 3.350 3.350 3.350 Note: The pH of formalin in each beaker was checked at the same interval to ensure that none of the formalin being absorbed more by their respective plants. The time that they were checked was at a range of 4.00 p.m. until 4.45 p.m. 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? TABLE 2: MASS OF FORMALIN + 50ml BEAKER IN EACH CHAMBER CONTAINING DIFFERENT PLANTS IN 14 DAYS Transparent chamber containing plants Mass of formalin + 50ml beaker in each transparent chamber  ± 0.01g 2 days 4 days 6 days 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd Boston fern (N. exaltata) 46.950 46.960 46.960 46.530 46.540 46.550 46.230 46.220 46.220 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 46.910 46.910 46.910 46.520 46.520 46.510 46.310 46.310 46.310 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 46.940 46.940 46.950 46.610 46.600 46.610 46.350 46.340 46.350 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) 46.970 46.970 46.970 46.620 46.620 46.640 46.430 46.410 46.410 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 46.920 46.910 46.910 46.620 46.630 46.610 46.420 46.410 46.430 Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) 46.940 46.940 46.930 46.780 46.790 46.790 46.720 46.710 46.720 Note: The mass of the formalin was measured at intervals of 2 days and it was at a range of time from 4.00 p.m. until 4.45 p.m. 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? Transparent chamber containing plants Mass of formalin + 50ml beaker in each transparent chamber  ± 0.01g 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd Boston fern (N. exaltata) 46.010 46.030 46.040 45.480 45.480 45.470 45.210 45.220 45.220 44.950 44.960 44.980 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 45.520 45.530 45.530 45.030 45.030 45.020 44.960 44.960 44.920 44.580 44.590 44.580 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 45.550 45.550 45.560 45.220 45.210 45.220 44.940 44.940 44.950 44.130 44.130 44.140 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) 45.500 45.510 45.510 45.320 45.350 45.350 44.980 44.980 44.990 44.220 44.230 44.230 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 45.890 45.900 45.890 45.530 45.530 45.530 45.140 45.140 45.120 44.970 44.960 44.970 Himalayan Balsam(I. glandulifera) 46.680 46.680 46.680 46.340 46.340 46.320 46.290 46.290 47.300 46.250 46.240 46.250 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? Transparent chamber containing plants Change in colour of pH paper 2 days 4 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days Boston fern (N. exaltata) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Yellow leaves Brown Leaves Florists mum (C.morifolium) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Wilted flowers Wilted flowers Yellow leaves Yellow leaves K. queen fern (N. obliterata) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves Green leaves H. Balsam (I. glandulifera) Green leaves Green leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Yellow leaves Brown leaves Brown leaves TABLE 3: DAILY CONDITION OF PLANTS IN THE TRANSPARENT CHAMBERS IN 14 DAYS Note: Only Florists mum (C.morifolium) in this experiment has flowers. When the edges of the leaves becoming brown or yellow, it is indicated as having brown leaves or yellow leaves. The font in italic form indicates the adverse change onto the plants. 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? TABLE 4: CHANGE IN COLOUR OF pH PAPER WHEN pH OF FORMALIN FOR A DURATION OF TWO WEEKS Transparent chamber containing plants Change in colour of pH paper 2 days 4 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 12 days 14 days Boston fern (N. exaltata ) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Florists mum (C. morifolium) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange K. queen fern (N. obliterata) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange H. Balsam (I. glandulifera) Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Light orange Note: The original colour of the pH paper is light yellow in colour 10 Are indoor plants adapted to get rid formaldehyde, Sipin, Elly Lorreta one of the noxious wastes commonly found at home 002348-019 nowadays? 7.0 Data processing 7.1 pH difference of formalin I discover that there are some changes in pH of the formalin in the transparent chamber. The following table shows the total difference in the final and the initial pH of the formalin in each transparent chamber. TABLE 5: DIFFERENCE IN pH OF FORMALIN IN EACH TRANSPARENT CHAMBER Transparent chamber containing plants Final pH Initial pH Difference in pH Boston fern (N. exaltata) 4.310 3.510 0.800 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 4.430 3.510 0.920 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 4.620 3.510 1.110 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 4.110 3.510 0.600 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 4.030 3.510 0.520 Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 3.350 3.510 0.160 Note: The method to calculate the pH of formalin in chamber containing Himalayan Balsam is inverted, since the pH value decreased so that negative value can be ignored. 7.2 Data for mean mass of formalin The following table shows the average mass of formalin + 50ml beaker for 14 days TABLE 6: AVERAGE MASS OF FORMALIN + 50ml BEAKER IN EACH CHAMBER CONTAINING DIFFERENT PLANTS IN 14 DAYS Transparent chamber containing plants Average mass of formalin+50ml beaker in each chamber  ± 0.01g Day 2 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10 Day 12 Day 14 Boston fern (N. exaltata) 46.960 46.540 46.220 46.030 45.480 45.220 44.960 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 46.910 46.520 46.310 45.530 45.030 44.950 44.580 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 46.940 46.610 46.350 45.550 45.220 44.540 44.130 K. queen fern (N. obliterate) 46.970 46.630 46.420 45.510 45.340 44.980 44.240 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 46.910 46.620 46.420 45.890 45.330 45.130 44.970 H. Balsam (I. glandulifera 46.940 46.790 46.720 46.680 46.330 46.290 44.250 Note: The average masses were obtained by totaling up the three mass values in three trials, and divide it into three. 7.3 Graph for the decreasing mass of formalin In order to get a graph of decrease in mass of formalin from day 0 to day 14, the real mass of formalin is required. Therefore, the table of mass of formalin for a duration of 14 days is made as follows. The formulation to calculate the mass of formalin in each beaker would be; Mass of formalin= [(Average mass of formalin+50ml beaker)- Average mass of 50ml beaker] TABLE 7: MASS OF FORMALIN IN EVERY 50ml BEAKER CONTAINED IN TRANSPARENT CHAMBER WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTS Transparent chamber containing plants Mass of formalin  ± 0.01g [(Average mass of formalin+50ml beaker) Average mass of 50ml beaker] Day 2 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10 Day 12 Day 14 Boston fern (N. exaltata) 10.170 9.750 9.430 9.240 8.690 8.430 8.170 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 10.120 9.730 9.520 8.740 8.240 8.160 7.790 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 10.150 9.820 9.560 8.760 8.430 8.150 7.340 K. queen fern (N. obliterate) 10.180 9.840 9.630 8.760 8.430 8.150 7.450 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 10.120 9.830 9.630 9.100 8.540 8.340 8.180 H. Balsam (I. glandulifera 10.150 10.000 9.930 9.890 9.540 9.500 9.460 Note: The average mass of one 50ml beaker is 36.79  ± 0.1g. This value was used to calculate the mass above. The bar graph of decrease in mass of the formalin against number of days for each beaker containing formalin in every transparent chamber is as follows; graph 1: decrease in mass of the formalin against number of days for each beaker containing formalin in every transparent chamber Note: The graph shows quite obvious inclination of mass of formalin in all chambers except for the H. Balsam (I. glandulifera) 7.4 Mass and percentage of formalin absorbed The initial average mass of the 10ml formalin in the 50ml beaker is 46.980  ± 0.01g and the average mass of the 50ml beaker alone is 36.790  ± 0.01g making the mass of the 10.000  ± 0.1 ml formalin poured in to be 10.190  ± 0.01g. From the data, there is a decreasing pattern of the mass of the formalin in the 50ml beaker. The percentage of decrease in mass of the 10.000  ± 0.1 ml formalin in 14 days of time in respective transparent chamber of plants can be determined. Before that, the mass of formalin absorbed in all the 6 transparent chambers must be d up. Calculation is as follows; TABLE 8: MASS OF FORMALIN ABSORBED BY PLANTS IN EACH CHAMBER Name of plants in each chamber Mass of formalin absorbed [Initial mass (10.190)- Mass on the14th day]  ± 0.01g Boston fern (N. exaltata) 2.020 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 2.400 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 2.850 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 2.740 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 2.010 H. Balsam (I. glandulifera 0.730 Note: The mass of formalin absorbed by plants in each chamber is referring to the decrease in mass of formalin throughout the 12 days duration. It is possible to calculate the percentage of decrease in mass of formalin absorbed by using the formulation below. The table below shows the percentage in respective 50ml beaker of formalin in all 6 chambers; Percentage of decrease in = Mass of formalin absorbed x 100% mass of formalin Initial mass of formalin TABLE 9: PERCENTAGE DECREASE IN MASS OF FORMALIN IN THE 50ml BEAKER IN RESPECTIVE TRANSPARENT CHAMBER Transparent chamber containing plants Percentage of decrease in mass of formalin absorbed Percentage of decrease in mass of formalin (%) Boston fern (N. exaltata) 2.020/10.190 x 100 19.820 Janet Craig (D. deremensis) 2.400/10.190 x 100 23.550 Florists mum (C. morifolium) 2.850/10.190 x 100 27.970 Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) 2.740/10.190 x 100 26.890 Snake plant (S. trifasciata) 2.010/10.190 x 100 19.730 Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 0.730/10.190 x 100 7.160 Note: The comparison of decrease in mass of formalin in beaker is based on the initial mass of formalin in the beaker. The greater the percentage of decrease in masses of formalin, the better the quality of air in the chamber, the better formalin absorber would the plant be. The following diagram shows the ascending order of the quality of plant as formalin absorber. Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Boston fern (N. exaltata) Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterate) Florists mum (C. morifolium) 7.5 Calculation for mean, standard deviation and T-test TABLE 10 : TABLE OF MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION FOR EVERY PLANTS CHOSEN Mass  ± 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Florists mum (C. morifolium) Kimberly queen fern (N. obliterata) Snake plant (S. trifasciata) Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera) 1st trial 2.000 2.330 2.810 2.000 1.950 0.690 2nd trial 2.000 2.320 2.810 2.740 1.950 0.700 3rd trial 1.980 2.330 2.810 2.740 1.940 0.680 Mean 1.993 2.327 2.810 2.493 1.947 0.690 Std. Dev 0.009 0.005 0.000 0.349 0.005 0.008 Note: The mean was determined by getting the difference of mass of formalin between 14th day with the 0 day; initial mass. The formulation to calculate t-test is as follows; t-value =_____difference in mean___ difference of standard error TABLE 11: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MASS DECREASE MEAN BETWEEN BOSTON FERN (N. exaltata) AND JANET CRAIG (D. deremensis) Mass  ± 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Janet Craig (D. deremensis) Difference between Boston fern and Janet Craig 1 trial 2.000 2.330 0.330 2 trial 2.000 2.320 0.320 3 trial 1.980 2.330 0.340 Mean 1.993 2.327 0.330 Std. Dev 0.009 0.005 0.008 Std. Error 1.151 1.343 0.191 Degree of freedom 2.000 Critical value at 5% level 4.300 t-value 1.728 Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Boston fern (N. exaltata) and Janet Craig (D. deremensis) | t | = 1.728 Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The mean difference is not significant TABLE 12: TABLE OF T-VALUE FOR THE COMPARISON OF MASS DECREASE MEAN BETWEEN BOSTON FERN (N. exaltata) AND FLORISTS MUM (C. morifolium) Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference for decrease in mass between Boston fern (N. exaltata) and Florists mum (C. morifolium) Mass  ± 0.01g Plants Boston fern (N. exaltata) Florists mum (C. morifolium) Difference between Boston fern and Florists mum