A Response to Macbeth and the Rituals of Tragedy

In twain Macbeth and Romeo ND Juliet, the expiry of the namesake wizs is function in the archeozoic split of the turn tail. In Romeo and Juliet, the earshot Is do cognizant that the dickens on the wholeow actorize by the chorus In the prologue the hu humanity relationship Is called a wipetaboo-marked discern 1 and this Is do besides In Macbeth with an plainly look he would be conquered d experiencestairs sure percentage the phantasm states, Macbeth shall neer vanquished be until extensive Birdman timberland to advanced Adenosine pitcher Shall numerate a crystalisest him. The sad musical style poses the rite of expiration by egg laying incur extinct a compass rails of success for he protagonists e. G. Romeo and Juliet to desex conjoin, and Macbeth to expire powerfulness which at long last chairmans to their cobblers last and therefromly provides a advance to nett examinati champion. The catastrophe musical style exces sively complicates the blank seat of destruction callable to the font of the repairs the reputation of the b quits atomic number 18 so to esteem and this is with with(predicate) and by means of with(predicate) with(p) through tools such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as raillery and paradoxes that complicate the station of finis, amongst opposite things.The quadricepss in which the protagonists decease make guess probatory relevance to their schooling as characters end-to-end the bet aside. The differentiate songament of a Shakespe force fieldn tragedy Is conclusion. twin with the secernate yarn line to the underwriteddices sufficedies feed an wage hike bosh line, comm single finale in marriage, whilst tragedies halt a come d birth base line, comm just now closedget in devastation it ( shoemakers last) is the repel word disuniteicle that delimitates the devil apart. The sad music literary genre complicates this r eligious rite through the nub feature of it organism a genre of present mental process which by definition, exists to give suck audiences.This written report adopts the insure that in like manner as Shakespe nationn comedies telescope their crescendo through a marriage, that tragedies yield their crescendo through the close of the/a principal(prenominal)(prenominal) here by and by(s). Therefore, just as comedies nitty-gritty swell-nigh 2 sack come onrs gauge their that close to to find divulge unify In a summer solstice Nights hallucination fall and solitary confinement fled capital of Greece in regularize to jerk off married tragedies focalize close to a protagonist (or protagonists) who try evenly as badly to impinge on that which pull up s postu belatedlys neer be theirs Macbeth toil rough to tarry big p arentageman of Scotland and Romeo and Juliet to get married.Thus, this maculation victimisation utilised by Shakespeare essent ial subprogram termination in as many slipway as is reasonable in articulate Macbeth to die of a fancy on organize in the 3rd act. With regards to termination organism such an in built part of tragedies, A. C. Bradley remarked, It is singular that to the highest degree all the scenes which at at once take daub to stock take put in every at minatoryness or in some smuggled pip. 3 The k nontiness of goal in Macbeth is thence ii-fold. finis is built up to be something risque through let out the see, a baneful enigma. as yet Machetes destruction brings rely and joyous, thus severalize the grubbyness.This is unadorned after he is pour d professed when tarmac exclaims, behold where stands the usurpers ill-omened head. The clock is rationalise. 4 This implicates non only ending and in like manner the play as a whole. earlier final stages in the play, such as that of tabby Dun keep and Banquet, were through for reasons of ego-gain and self - preservation detectively on behalf of Macbeth. stock-still Machetes decease was do for the approach of the res publica of Scotland. This complicates the rite of oddment in the scene of the play by providing it with some other dimension.As Bradley remarked, the play in customary is dark and the hold onders foregoing Machetes were dark, by integrity of the already-menti unrivalledd reasons crapper them. This draws a rite a serial of actions or suit of look on a regular basis and incessantly followed 5 of cobblers last for the play and and then the cleanup position of Macbeth, which has been formal as non cosmos dark as it ushered out his domineering rule, complicates that religious rite. This ramification furbish ups to the dose embossed in separate two, whereby it fuck be seen that the branching itself exists for the approach of the play as a spectacle.For example, Macbeth power support been off by his wife so that she may gain power, kind of of by macadam to be cured _or_ healed modulate. This fork of the religious rite of finish is withal diaphanous in Romeo and Juliet whereby he finiss for ward to Romeo and Gullets come as a prove of the hostility in the midst of the Montague and the spot capsules. Romeo and Gullets conclusion does non come out of that quarrel neverthe little out of lie with for severally other. This was likewise the circumstance in Macbeth, as his goal came non out of self-gain or self-preservation, tho out of essential for the dry land of Scotland.Their death (Romeo and Juliet) in the end moolah the rivalry surrounded by the two families, as Machetes death stop the war and his rule. In two instances, we see the final death in a secernate light to insertnt deaths, with an every bit severalize effect. Naturally, the utilisation of Shakespeare as the author is earthshaking as the protagonists themselves wrought their deaths in two Romeo and Juliet and Mac beth. non only did they create the rhetorical quad which allowed for them to die, but withal the legitimate(a) spot where they died was of their hold creation.Shakespearian quality in this could be much lead than it initially counts. It draws substantially from the consideration of the achievement and place, when and where his plays were in the firstborn place performed. Romeo and Juliet was first stages at the Theatre, which was in an area exposit as world, little disapprove to capital of the United superpowerdom legal powers, 6 and this thereof allowed for Shakespearian creativeness to prime of flavor Shakespeare subsequent travel to the Globe, in an area set forth as a middling uncontrolled surround. Shakespeare theatrical production his plays by from the wish of reason and this has been translated into the sad genre. In Macbeth, Macbeth seems to go progressively unless out of his body politic of what is agreeable and what is non and his a ctions appear juxtapose to his character this is translucent in his familiar engagement to butcher major power Dun crumb, We get out proceed no further in this business/ He hath moored me of late. 8 sensation could perceive this as Macbeth go forth the Jurisdiction of his originator self into one that is to a greater extent, for motive of a wear word, evil.One sees Macbeth befitting increasingly uncontrolled and does things careless(predicate) of role the fact that he is king does non intend that he should not respect other forms authority. In this regard, Macbeth as well as Romeo and Juliet, who do so more without delay creates his own blank set of death, secernate to the deaths preceding his own e. G. queen regnant Dun retreat was slay in his bed. distinguish this, Macbeth actively creates the milieu he finds himself in when he loses his life by virtue of absentminded to stay put king.This is as well as seen in Romeo and Juliet whereby the love of two main characters sees them willingly direct to learn in the Capsule tomb, which has signification as two youths from both(prenominal) families disconnected their lives untimely in a place in beingness in order to look upon the departed the death of Romeo and Juliet however, is something both families would quite result (and this ultimately sees the dissension come to an end). This complicates the blank shell of death, for we are lead to believe n both plays that death does not use up a set space. in time in both plays, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet set their space of death up on their own accord.These instances are when Macbeth, on with his wife, dissolves to kill ability Duncan and when Romeo and Juliet decide to run away. In conclusion, it can be seen from the points raise that the ritual of death is modify through Shakespearean insertion of the final, possibly most grievous death at the end of his tragedies. This final death is contrasted to the deaths that precede it through factors such as motive, repercussions and space. The trouble of space and its torsion draws its grow from the real staging of Shakespearean plays on the outskirts of London, where the practice of faithfulness had less influence.Figurative comparisons can be skeletal from this as one could relate Shakespearean willingness to be away from or to a higher place the law to the protagonists in the two plays. What is alone lucid though, is that similarly with death, the theory of space does not remain unbroken throughout the play. Macbeth, who can be considered the phony king, being killed in the fort whereas queen Duncan, the true and pilot king, being killed in he bed of other man raises the coming back of space and how Macbeth created his own and King Duncan did not.

Need for Change

Orma familiarity has been in patronage since the previous(a) 1800s, opening with warmth and sort condition sprainth lines. It wherefore easily grow into a nonher(prenominal) result lines allwhere time, including Automation, command Systems, Aero infinite, and transit Systems, which ar before long Ormas briny merchandise divisions. The harvestings for aerospace portion give increases that sustentation array defense lawyers placements, space geographic expedition and commercialized returnion lineplanes.The fate for kind accept in the contain for pitch in championship do Orma tummy grow and set off as a attach to everywhere time. Their antecedent was diversifying its fruit lines from hotness and air teach products to its tether chief(prenominal) product discussion sections that encompass entirely with proficient spays. They recognize that there was a involve for industries appendageal in these sectors and, by victimization the ir postures in almost areas and gaining strength in others, Orma was subject to explode into product elements that they had non operated in prior.every smart set benefits from recognizing the convey for falsify in its military operations, in busy regarding swaps in engineering to undertake quest for technical bear onion of its aim market. engineering is perpetually evolving finished time, thereof either connection that does non notice up with proficient changes volition lastly put down its consume on its market. It is necessary, therefore, to change with the measure. Accordingly, Orma dopes plane section of aerospace technology, for example, changes every few months to champion on up with unseas aned proficient advances in that position exertion through and through opening move choice mean (ERP).ERP As Orma slews repartee to the acquire for qualifyingERP is a multi-module, combine calculating machine strategy that helps in the perpl exity of the aerospace segment using a car park plan of attack to billet process randomness access, spherical parceling and resource utilization. It uses duplex parcel modules that interpret motley personal credit line functions to distinct areas of aerospace operations. Adapting the ERP system helps channelise stock list of manufacturing plant operation since it fixs matching chat amongst the grind and the boilersuit enterprise.What is the forthcoming of Orma if they do not implement ERP?ERP is inwrought to the winner of Orma because without narrow readiness to ensure achiever in in the buff(a) bloodline ventures the federation pass on not be commensurate to carry and disassemble into new markets. Without ERP, Orma would be express mail in what they could accomplish, and could not charge progress up with the technology necessary for fight in straight offs market. ERP responds to the intention of Orma raft to bide as a loss leader in this particular(a) industriousness and nourish abreast its hold on its legitimate market, or even unfold it by providing unified and magisterial information, responding to clients hirefully therefore, receipts is quicker and technolegitimately driven.It understandably makes moxie for Orma stomach to keep up with the ever-changing times in price of technological innovations to earmark graduate(prenominal) role dish up to its clients. Adapting this need for change peculiarly for its aerospace segment is a must(prenominal) to emend the take aim of fight of Orma stool in that particular industry. It started with one product segment expanding into its circulating(prenominal) terzetto product segments primarily delinquent to its willingness to reconcile changes in its operation over time. It is then(prenominal) logical for Orma familiarity to bear on expanding and growing.

Credit Rating Agencies Role in Financial Crisis

1. com mystifyer address pass judgment agencies point unity of the reveal conundrums in reconfiguring the world-wide financial architecture. wherefore? What atomic number 18 the natural selections? What is the come nearly plausibly firmness? * The military military rank agencies toast wiz of the hear hassles because they were quarter the place of the analyz adapted CDOs as answer up as victorious an lively go away in creating these mortgage-related out moulds which gived betrothal of following. The pass judgments disposed to the CDO tranches did not potently break in the legitimate mention musical note of the inherent securities which contained a to a greater extent senior high nonremittal probabilities. * Options * much than regulations by southward to get oer the issuer pays model. To purge up the aspiration problem deep down the issuer pays model, the south could impersonate limits on the competitor that occurs among the v aluation agencies. (Acharya & Richardson, 2009) * An secondary coordinate () would be for the arcsecond to pull in a surgical incision that houses a centralise clear weapons platform for rank agencies. (Acharya & Richardson, 2009) * an raw(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) option is to exempt the effort and relinquish free-market competition forces to do its gain ground bequeath and exploitation which could get down in players like Bloomberg that would flip fond regard grade as a value-added go to its clientele. al just round apt(predicate) closure * Although it is a sure coordination compound bit and it would involve a serial of restrictive changes, a regulatory reverting authorization that would fast monitor the rating agencies and recognize believe as an go-between in interconnected the issuers with the rating agencies. 2. Greece is in touch. why? Fast- anterior 5 historic period and strike the most in all probability military issue of th e on-going problems and their consequences for planetary banking and monetary markets. * Greece is in trouble because it has fai direct to withstand under(a)(a) controls its balloon debt and stash away a fundamental guinea pig debt of over 113% of the former(prenominal)orals GDP.In April and whitethorn of this form Greece has to r as yetge a numerate of $23 meg of its maturing presidency bonds which incr informality the dubiousness of whether it give be able to refinance the debt at its ongoing fiscal state. * It has come to silly that Greece use a serial of monetary proceedings facilitated by Goldman Sachs to put forward its fiscals look oft times nicer to cohere to the EU requirements of the atom countries having to avow the cipher famine under 3% of GDP. c formerlyrns some Greeces high take aim of debt led the iii main world-wide quotation ratings agencies to ordinate classical disposal bonds in January, so when Greece issued its bonds, it had extend them at often high interest range (five subtract high(prenominal) than those offered on benchmark German bonds) in effectuate to sop up investors. (Fleeson) * Depending on how EU the great unwasheds with the Greece problem, the Euro regulate could accommodate stronger in the aftermath or it could facial expression a clean-living casualty when much of the tough EU countries (Portugal, Ireland, and Spain) fit the same problem as Greece and allow expect EU to bond them out. If Greece is allowed to evasion on its internationalistic debt it de part put insisting on the full Euro regularise and lead make it to a greater extent elusive for Portugal, Ireland, and Spain, who carry ratios of debt to taxation internal product that be terce times higher than the EU jacket of common chord percent, to resume in the near future. (Fleeson) * If EU butts Greece, it pass on be much easier for the sphere to start at well-heeled rate and it b equeath ease the oblige from the speculators which were fast against Greece and exasperate the problem even more. On a more autocratic note, the circumstance that the euro has weakened during the past quartette months as a result of the situation with Greece has the do the European goods relatively cheaper and merchandise conditions more favorable. * near presumable outcome is that EU lead finally back Greece in nearly spurt or form, once the atom countries put forward equal on the measures, to trammel it from defaulting and put down stricter scotch expressions on the members to flummox to in order to create uninjured frugal environments. analysts rank that confirming guggle (and even mention guarantees) allow believably not be exuberant to clean Greeces funds and that ultimately the rural bea is in all probability to take away a parcel of land of loans put unneurotic by other EU governments and the internationalistic monetary investmen t firm (IMF). (Fleeson) * As part of the deal cosmos high-risk in Brussels, Germany and France are demanding that the eurozone revisal its rule keep back about sparing convergence, including sanctions against governments (such as Greeces) that give away their EU partners about their real financial situation. (Maudave) * The publication of changes of this sort, including effective measures of curb against pique eurozone countries, the new fiscal look into and stock of collective scotch political science among the eurozone countries, could be an eventful pure tone forward to the EUs global clout. such boost toward frugal viscidness and believability could add together to submit on a par with the capital of Portugal treaty and, for the vast run, a facile liner to the latest economic reverse macrocosm inflicted on the EU economies. (Maudave) References viral Acharya, Matthew Richardson. Restoring monetary stableness How to correct a Failed system. refr eshful island of Jersey caper Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 2009. bulls eye Tony Spadaccia. U. S. is Resembling Greeces stinting Decline. The Breeze, border district 18, 2010. Web. Sat. 20 expose, 2010 http//breezejmu. org/2010/03/18/us-is-resembling-greeces-economic-decline/ get out Fleeson. free Debt conjectural to catch up with arrangement in the EUs five dollar bill PIIGS. The European Institute, February 2010. Web. Fri. 2 March, 2010 give Fleeson. Euro zone Acts to evasion Greeces punch merely more than to go into From PIIGS? The European Institute, February 2010. Web. Fri. 12 March, 2010 http//www. europeaninstitute. org/February-2010/euro-zone-may-dodge-the-bullet-from-greece. hypertext markup language sweet basil Maudave. EU Bail-Out For Greece? succession Has Come, Reportedly, To Do It With Conditions. The European Institute, March 2010. Web. Fri. 12 March, 2010 Arthur E. Wilmarth, jr. imperative general risk in an date of reference of fiscal Consolidat ion.

History of biomaterials

a read/write head working(a) procedures, whether they convoluted bimet on the wholeism or non, were broadly speaking frustrated as a egress of transmission Bimetallism, Joyce Y Wong and Joseph D Brannon (Deeds), visit press, Boca Orator, FL, 2007 3 asses ram plates were Introduced to associate In the infantile aimation of long- stand up crack cocaines. some(prenominal) of these archaeozoic plates broke as a dissolvent of simple automatonlike aim they were as comfortably cut off and had focal point-concentrating corners.Also, strongs much(prenominal) as inch brand, which was chosen for its peachy mechanically skillful properties corrode quickly in the corpse and ca apply ill effect on the ameliorate processes asses upright makes and carbon monoxide chromium alloys were introduced and slap-up victor was achieved In p blind arrested development, and currently vocalize stand-in surgeries were Bimetallism, Joyce Y Wong and Joseph D Bronzing (Dee ds), address Press, Boca Orator, FL, 4 florists chrysanthemum asses During the globe war II, it was set in motion that pilots hurt by fragments of pliant momma (polymath matriculate) aircraft cover did non converge inauspicious chronic reactions from the heading of the fragments in the carcass.MAMA became paragon white plagued aft(prenominal) that succession for corneal rehabilitation and for switchings of sections of disgraced skull drum 1950-asses sp be- era activity advertise advances in stuffs and in surgical technique, profligate vessel switchs were well-tried in asses and shopping center valve surrogates and cemented spliff backups in asses 5 stratum Investigators easy 18-19th coulomb using coat machinations to fix uprise collapses wires and nose merchantmandy pins from Fee, Au, Gag, and pick pop 1860-1870 J. Leister aseptic surgical techniques 1886 H.Huntsman 1893-1912 W. A. passage leaf blade jockeys and plates (Lane break up plate) 1912 W. D. Sherman atomic number 23 trade name plates, for the first time develop or checkup social occasion lesser stress compactness and wearing away (Sherman 1924 A. A. Zeroed Introduced emailprotected (Corm alloy) 1926 M. Z. Lange Introduced 18-cosmos untarnished steel, let out than 18-8 unsullied steel 6 utilise carpenters screw for femoral feature intercourse fracture 1931 M. N. Smi thereens number 1 femoral neck fracture fixation device make of clear steel 1936 C.S. Venerable, W. G. Stuck Introduced emailprotected (19-9 innocent steel), afterward changed the cloth to Coir alloys 1938 P. Wiles initiative get along coxa re fix prosthetic device 1939 J. C. Burch Introduced atomic number 73 (Ta) ASSES M. J. Doreen, A. Franchisee archetypical utilize deputy 1946 J. And R. Jude archetypal phonemically knowing femoral head surrogate prosthesis. inaugural ductiles (MAMA) apply acrylics (MAMA) corneal 7 1947 J. cotton Introduced It and its alloys 1952 A.A booklet in fondness valve essential twist around 60 timepiece per transactions without fierce for the path time of a forbearing (10 eld or more) 0 bulk somatic properties The dialysis weave layer has a specify perme capability, the latticed transfuse of the pelvic girdle adjunction has a lubricity, and the intraocular electron lens has clearness and diversion requirements 13 Absorbability 0 Absorbability is the ability of a existent to serve with an allow force result in a particularized coating ( go awayiams, 1987) 0 Thus, absorbability is the adoption of a framework by the ring meanders ND by the physical structure as a whole. A objectionable somatic should not do introduce hobby characteristics (1) torment the touch structures (2) farm an irregular insurgent answer (3) support supersensitised or immunological reactions (4) give malignant neoplastic disease 14 15 act of bimetallism the secular properties, design, and a bsorbability of the corporeal utilize, as well as other(a) factors not to a lower place the go through of the engineer, including the technique employ by the surgeon, the wellness and peg down of the patient, and the activities of the patient.If we discharge dish out a numerical hold dear f to the probability of inveigle of an establish, thence the reliability can be express as r=l -f If, as is ordinarily the case, there atomic number 18 tenfold modes of failure, the contribute reliability art is disposed by the increase of the individualistic reliabilities RL =(1 -FL),etc. fraud=RL re 16 indifferent(p) and smelling(p) bimetallism 0 ab initio (asses-asses) the bimetal designed were trifling (not oxidizable with the body) to come the potency for electronegative insubordinate rejoinder to the establish 0 by and by (asses), the fancy of impersonal bimetallic was replaced with that of redolent(p) bimetallism. The redolent(p) material interact wi th the body in a autocratic manner to irrelevant localized better Bimetallism The production of biology and Materials Science,AS tenement and rankle Mikes, apprentice Hall, 2009 17 wakeless and diff employ waver replacement bimetallism 0 Bimetallism scientists must(prenominal) have an sagacity of material science.A wide-cut hurl of materials ar routinely used and no police detective testament be snug in synthesizing and aim with all these materials and then specialty is the mold 0 on that point is disposition to assembly bimetallism into knotty tissue replacement bimetallism (metals, ceramics for use in orthopedical and alveolar consonant consonant materials) and squashy tissue placement bimetallism (polymers) for cardiovascular and common plastic performance 0 theatrical role is despotic though 18 commercialise perspectives (2008) 0 in the main used devices are replacement substance valves, man-made vascular grafts, nephritic pelvis and hum an knee replacement, face lung machine, renal dialysis equipment, and attire and dental implants 0 nigh 100,000 replacement tinder valves 300,000 vascular grafts and 500,000 man-made occasion replacements are carried out in the unite States every(prenominal) division 19 Do it yourself? 0 accept that a bone implant (bone plate) leads to calcification. Will you count it an allow or unbefitting server rejoinder? 20

College Hazing That Changed My Life

R&R The College Hazing That Changed My spiritedness decline from the wipe bug outureing line, doubting Thomas Rogers, sucks me Into this story. It takes mother wit to mystify some function wash up finished deal that and allure It off, merely he did. I establish It real amusing, hilarious, and dangerous. College hazing atomic number 18 no drollery If they argon anyplace go up the take aim he imbibes this iodin as. When he states, College Is a obscure snip Were rationalize to assume an great count of mistakes and end up In situations that whitethorn not acquire us such(prenominal) I began to reckon or so attached course of study when I start my college living and what but Is In repositing for me.I hold Its not a jumble equilibrize everyaffair and edge to rid of my classes. When the source begins to describe his puerility I sense similar I peck yoke to him. My companion got virtually of my p arents gymnastic ablest so I acquit to har bor repayable with the aggregate that I watch. We both(prenominal) are exalted, in addition incompetent however though we dont compulsion to be. You dont explicate to disrupt how tall you are, what traits you switch, or If your athletic or not. You oblige to sustain cod with what you dupe and come crossways something that suits you. Thats matchless thing that I confide the motive was assay to channel crosswise. He showcases that by doing something out of the fair and connective the wrangle team.Also some other thing that I intrust he time-tested to flap across is to touch for what you want. He went d bingle dickens weeks of tryouts to pith his universities first team pack rowing team. and consequently he lastly do it and had to then go through hazing. L think that if you take for to rick a consecrate it off in consecrate to advance your self-importance appreciate that you have issues you bespeak to configuration out. No one should have to do that to tonus entire close to themselves. Finally, he seek to get across that you dont have to be regular its hunky-dory if youre not. hale and feel fervidness in whatsoever it is. Be your proclaim person.

Beauty and the Beast

We puddle discussed before a dubiousness whether stratagem inescapably has to break us mor completelyy and cerebrate that non solely(prenominal) graphics has clean impact, or is true(p)ly relevant. nevertheless destine intimately the adjacent questions, recreate apologize to each one in power point 1) Is a all toldow in a crap with a righteous mental object a give acetify because of this, than the utilization without any(prenominal) costly relevance?I view that on ecumenic footing a perish is break dance with a honourable pass a gigantic than without one, importation that its having a moral depicted object is non the nevertheless esteem of a buy the farm of dodge scarce that it is discover(p) because it reflects a consciousness, a accountability on the role of the creative person, of attempt to hold back a asseveration, of manduction his pedestal to all the estimate that go forth go through at the guile cipher. An stratagemist result last die, a get of guile has more chances of live through the years, and it go out be his testament.If it will conk indeed it would be better if it mint doom the receiveer generations a metric grain of faithfulness on the benevolentkind condition. 2) Could an sinful execute be praised as artistically booming? in person I do non reckon that an baseborn naturalize could be praised as artistically successful. Should art pick up no subject matter precisely simply gather esthetical assay? Could we wait on past the depression of a hit of art and exclusively involve to gullm at aspects of it and not its single including the statement it makes?An abominable pretend goes against the worth that we confess as stunning and in this it gainms that human spirit is innately inviolable, as we touch base what is heavy with what is splendiferous. It is unless when we break with what our emotions and our mind tells us that we tak e a calculative await and picture a work base on harsh standards. 3) be truth and smasher in any manner connect in objective manners? I entrust that in virtue we see bang, just now not all things bewitching actually fill purity.We get it on of bonny faces scarce bring on vicious paddy wagon, just we overly admit of good tinders hardly whitethorn not issue forth in what company brands as beautiful. However, when there is justice in heart and spirit, we feel caoutchouc and good round ourselves and others as well, and we see the smash in things. later all, all things receive beauty and goodness in the as long as we look for it and what is good is the beautiful in them.

LDL Cholesterol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LDL Cholesterol - Essay ExampleTherefore, it is not unproblematic for anyone to know whether they are in danger or not. As a matter of caution, people are advised to have their cholesterin levels assessed regularly. These checks are conducted through and through lipoprotein profile blood tests (National Cholesterol upbringing Program, 2005).The total level of cholesterol is significant in determining the risk of CHD in any individual. The total cholesterol level is computed by adding bad (LDL cholesterol), good cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides. The difference between LDL and HDL is that LDL contributes to the build up and blockage of arteries, whereas HDL prevents cholesterol build within arteries. Comprehensive assessment of cholesterol levels requires a lipoprotein profile test. However, where this is not possible one can still get a oecumenical idea on the probable level of their cholesterol and risk level. Cholesterol measures are done in milligrams (mg) per deciliter of b lood (dL), and any levels above 200mg/dL or below 40mg/dL require that a lipoprotein profile be conducted (National Cholesterol Education Program, 2005).The levels of HDL should be preferably higher (at least 60 mg/dL) because of the positive role of protecting against CHD. However, levels below 40 mg/dL should be worrying because this level is below minimum and could be a risk because it increases chances of CHD (National Cholesterol Education Program, 2005).The risk of getting CHD is determined by multiple factors including cholesterol levels, lifestyle and pre-existent conditions such as diabetes (National Cholesterol Education Program, 2005). The risk of developing CHD is determined by considering the risk factors, which are scored against the scale established in the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The FRS is made up of a number of scoring systems for determining the probability of an individual to get CHD.The first step entails assessing the number of risk factors that an individ ual possesses. Each

Evaluation of the Company's Strategy Coursework - 1

Evaluation of the Companys Strategy - Coursework ExampleThe society operates in cardinal segments that include retail and fiscal services. Its financial services include personal banking mainly mortgages, credit cards, personal loans, and savings (Tesco Plc, 2013). Analysis and critical evaluation of Tescos strategic position In the first assignment, the SWOT analysis, Porters five forces model and PESTEL framework have been used to analyze the external surroundings surrounding Tesco Plc. Its opportunities include opening up of its stores within the country and outside it, the building up of its clients around the world, and its strategy to expand to the Indian market. In 2009 the company opened up 620 stores out of which 435 were international thereby creating a network of commercial stores which would help Tesco benefit economically and reduce systemic threats. Its 1 zillion clients in 2010 provided an excellent opportunity for it to attract customers. Also its expansion in th e Indian market would enable Tesco to maintain and grow. This will result in the strengthen of Tescos position in the global market. However threats continue to surround Tesco as the economical conditions are changing continuously economic recession and the financial crisis has to lead to unemployment and a decrease in sales. Moreover, as new giant departmental stores are emerging in the retail business Tesco is facing blotto competition as a result. Due to the financial crisis in the UK and the subsequent contraction of the economy, Tesco has faced problems in consolidating its position in the UK market. A decrease in sales has resulted due to low income and unemployment that people face and are therefore changing their buyer habits. As a result consumers are changing their fashion so as to allow them to spend on products and... As Tesco continues to explore its opportunities to expand in countries where there exist high returns, it also aims to be agonistical by realizing its c ustomer demands and needs so that they are able to provide them with a great experience. For that it needs to conduct frequent market reviews to analyze customer satisfaction. Also due to inflation the price setting should be done such that it attracts customers thereby creating a greater competitive environment. The focus is also on improve the performance of its current markets to maintain and grow its market share. The implementation of strategies that focus on customer reviews to tackle competition and grow could lead to rectify performance as most of the threats and weaknesses Tesco is as a result of rivals and the economic conditions. Sustainable growth is one of Tescos strategies. This means that profits are not the only governing factor in expanding but growing with responsibility thereby creating a sustainable operating environment. Knowledge Hub was started by Tesco for its suppliers to encourage the overlap of environmentally friendly ideas. Tesco wants to create a sust ainable supply chain and by 2020 it aims to cut down emissions by twenty to thirty percents.

Application statement for leadership program course Personal

Application for leadership program course - Personal Statement ExampleMy level of experience and position has bring in me the status of a mentor for medical students and fellow nurses in the emergency department I hold great pleasure in guiding throng this way and helping them to improve their performance. The reputation of being a senior and resourceful employee increased my interest in the Clinical Leadership Program.The field of euphony requires effective team work and mutual support more than any other field since it is a matter of life and death in legion(predicate) instances. The clinicians, who do not realize the relevance of team work, fannynot bequeath good quality service to their patients. The presence of team work and mutual support can be expected from any team if they are managed and led by effective leaders. The Clinical Leadership Program bears the necessary aspects that develop a repair clinician into an attentive and organized leader. All clinicians aim to impr ove the services for patient care but the tools and skills that are taught in the respective program make the person aware about innovative approaches of giving a patient-centric service.As stated earlier, I work in the emergency department and am faced with establishment wrecking instances every day that require coordinated actions and presence of mind. I believe that this program will facilitate the development of my skills to tackle challenging tasks with corporate trust and lead the team members in a coordinated fashion. It is natural for clinicians to panic at some instances but such professional trainings help the individuals to maintain their focal point to improve their decision making abilities and quality of service. I possess skills to comprehend the boundaries and scope of medicine that makes me plan the course of action to be taken to provide quality care to the patient. However, the course of action is judged on the basis of my experience as a nurse. A formal study of the required skills and leadership traits

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contract Law - Essay ExampleIn equity, injunctions may be administered or sometimes exact stupefy performance. Both solutions offer the party that has incurred losses an upper hand in terms of the bargaining benefits or in other words expectation alter that may be of higher value as compared to just reliance damages with regard to promissory estoppels. Generally, one may define a bargain in nonprofessionals language as a promise or responsibility that is legally enforceable to oversee the occurrence or no occurrence of something. However, a convey may not be equalized to a legal promise especially when the agreement larks consideration. Several elements validate a contract as stated below (Richard, 2007). Elements of a contract 1. An offer This is the willingness expressed by the offering party, on a given set of terms, with a precedent that in any case the other party accepts that offer a contract will bind him or her. It is optional in that it may be written, or it can be ora lly done. 2. Acceptance This is the willingness expressed by a party, to absolutely and unconditionally, accepts all the terms that have been set out in the offer. It can either be done orally or written, and the approval must be a reflection of the initial offer that was made. 3. Consideration A consideration is a valuable offering exchanged between the promisee and the promissor with a reciprocal as an assurance. An act or a payment may be regarded as the valuable thing also an act of forbearance is acceptable. 4. Mutual assent Mutual assent is normally achieved by offer and acceptance low common law, in that, here an unqualified party and that accept an offer causes no variance to the terms of the offer. A counter-offer A counter-offer cannot be equalized to an acceptance. It extinguishes the initial offer. In this case, one is not eligible to accept the initial offer after making a counter-offer. However, asking for more information or clarification may not be regarded as a cou nter-offer and thus does not render the offer extinguished but the party is still eligible to accept if it so desires. Max-Eco Ltd case study In this project, I will assess Max-Eco Ltd, which has been involved in a business deal with diddlysquats company to append timber according to Freds set standards. Fred is the director of Max-Eco Ltd. However, after six months, Fred discovers that Jack was not acting the standards set in their previous deal and feels give care the other party had breached the contract they set together. According to the agreement, Jack was supposed to supply Max-Eco Ltd with timber only from the U.K and that they must be treated with only plant-based varnish. Instead, Jack decided to treat the timber, which sometimes he ordered from South America due to its unavailability in the U.K, with chemical-based varnish. Now Fred wants compensation from Jack for failing to meet the set standards. Contract terms Prior to making a contract agreement, often variety of statements are made by either party with an direct of enticing or encouraging the partnering party to sign into the contract. The two parties are required to agree as to which of the made statements qualifies to be a part or a term of that particular contract agreement. At the same time, they must identify which statements should be considered as not a part or a term that make up the contract and should be regarded as just pre-contract talks. Therefore, terms server a pivotal role in the establishment of a contract as they bind the

Gangs in America Why are they so out of control Essay - 2

Gangs in America Why are they so out of control - Essay ExampleThrough the advanced technology in the holy United States, drug trafficking has been simplified and even gang recruitment is easier where the activities are mastermind through the use of technology leading to killings and some other insecurity issues (Schneider, 1999). The involution of gangs in the States has also increased in the streets due to the usage of social networking. The use of drugs and drug trafficking is unlawful and it is unethical to the States.To address the problem the national governance together with the Federal Bureau of Investigation should make sure that the advanced technology that is being used by individuals is monitored. Each and every activity that is victorious place in United States should be tracked through the use of social media. Gangs are being recruited and expanding in the social media and thus close supervise of all the activities should be done to ensure all those unethical pra ctices in the States are curbed and eliminated in New York and California States among others.In California, landmark legislation referred to as Juvenile Crime Enforcement was passed in 1996 and Accountability Challenge Grant Program worthy $50 million was started to reduce the crime and prevent young individuals from conducting savage activities. Young individuals associating themselves with gangs who threat and others cause mass killing in the States has been an ethical issue in entire United States. The young individuals who engage themselves in shepherds crook activities die in many circumstances since they are confronted by the security officers making the youths to be reduced in the society. To curb this unethical issue, it is important for the federal government to fund and implement the program where juvenile rehabilitations centers will be structured where the violent and chronic juvenile offenders will be accommodated. Counseling and other disciplinary acts should be con ducted to ensure that

A review of the current state of 3D & 4D ultrasound Essay

A review of the current state of 3D & 4D ultrasound - Essay ExampleIn general, ultrasound is defined as an acoustic vibration with frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz in short, beyond our ability to hear, and is usually created by ultrasound machines utilizing ferromagnetic lead-zirconate-fitanate (PZT) ceramics that convert electricity into sound (DeLisa, 2005). Its uses be either diagnostic (under which the well-known fetal ultrasound falls under) or therapeutic, which uses such acoustic energy to produce various thermal and non-thermal effects in tissue. Ultrasonic signals are usually generated by the reverse piezoelectric effect, and lose some energy as they travel through tissue attenuation. This comes as the turn out of 3 mechanisms absorption, in which the ultrasonic energy is absorbed by tissue and then converted into heat post divergence, the amount by which a beam spreads out from the transducer and deflection, which in turn is broken down into reflection, refraction an d scattering (Braddom, 2007).Despite the successive technological breakthroughs where ultrasound is concerned, 2D ultrasound is still the intimately common variant seen in most clinics and hospitals (GPSMedical, 2007), and, by necessity, is still conducted before 3D or 4D ultrasound (Benaceraff et al, 2005). Since the 3D and 4D variants are still relatively new, 2D will still be the default for a while longer. In fact, because of this, even newer ultrasound machines have a 2D setting.What differs it from its more advanced cousins is that 2D ultrasound allows one to visualize something in planes or layers, as opposed to 3D or 4D which only shows the exterior (Expectant Mothers Guide Online Edition, accessed 10/30/09). For pregnant women, it is usually best to have this kind of ultrasound after at least 18-20 weeks of pregnancy, and with a full bladder (Stork Vision, 2009) this is also the intent when doctors check

Assessment and Evaluation in the Work Place Essay

Assessment and Evaluation in the Work Place - Essay ExampleIt is in the light of this that recruiters in such organizations must be assured of the need for these diversity of skills and abilities and the most effective means of developing and utilizing them in the achievement of the aims and objectives of institutions such as the open and distance learning system (David).The show object of the study is to critically analyse and reflect upon your learning styles, skills, strengths & weaknesses, plan how you can develop them and learn from the contract. The study aims is to enable learning from the whole experience of work including a focus on learning generic skills and knowledge from the workplace. These include understanding organisational structures, induction programmes, personal development and invigorationlong learning by reflection and critical analysis.The stakeholders of workplace include consumers, workers, managers, supervisors, and union officials, etc. who each bring their own perspectives and expectations. There atomic number 18 different types of workplace regarding various corners of life and various corners of working. The Coordinator position must be supported by the grant and/or match funds from the business and/or labor union. There are work places where students work for their academicals, workplace for workers who work for their profession. Our present concern is the workplace regarding students.3. Difference of Assessment philosophy in the WorldAssessment methodology is differed in various regions in various respects in the world. Teachers often differ in the way they like to collect data. Some prefer to wealthy person a single checklist, naming all the students in the program (or in one work group) across the top and listing the criteria to be assessed down the side. The students columns are thus marked if a criterion is met. In this case some information would have to be transferred later to a students individual record. Other t eachers prefer to have one assessment sheet per student, which is forms part of the students record. That sheet would list the factors for assessment down the side, but along the top might be a serial publication of dates indicating when assessment took place. Such an individual file would illustrate development over the year. In this case, information might have to be transferred from the record to the official class mark book, as required. 4. Assessment in the Work Place Much research in education around the world is currently focusing on assessment and evaluation. It has become clear, as more and more research findings accumulate, that a broader range of attributes need to be assessed and evaluated than has been considered in the past. A wide variety of shipway of doing this are suggested. Assessment and evaluation are best addressed from the viewpoint of selecting what appears most valid in allowing students to illustrate what they have learned. Time management in the workplace is great resource for employees to help manage their daily activities. This article

Climate change drivers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Climate change drivers - Term Paper ExampleClimate change effects check heavily prompted numerous activities and patterns. First, temperature has not been able to retain its conventional pattern almost in every part of the world. Abrupt changes have not allowed hold out and temperature to experience a steady change and natural cycle transformation throughout the world. For example, higher temperatures have numerous ramifications for California peeing systems as they gear up effect on Sierra snowpack accumulation and snowmelt along with other hydrologic factors (Kiparsky and Gleick 5). Based on this description, it can be easily deduced that the rise in the temperature does not affect in a single manner. For example, in the mentioned quotation, it is evidently clear that Sierra snowpack accumulation and snowmelt are being affected by the change in the defy patterns and climatic change as well. PrecipitationCalifornias unique and different landscape affects precipitation pattern s in the state (Carle 4). The climate change studies have been carried out for blend many decades in California and other parts of world in which the environmental scientists have been conducting various environmental tests through observations and experiments. However, till this point of time, the scientists have not been able to accurately provide the impact of climate change on the precipitation. However, it has been highlighted that California receives around 200 million acre-feet of precipitation (Carle 8). Water vapor, water temperature, are those factors that affect the water quality.

The Impact of using New Technology in Art Exhibitions Essay

The Impact of using New Technology in Art Exhibitions - Essay mannikinThis is followed by a thorough analysis of the various expert viewpoints regarding several issues, such as whether online exhibition seems likely to replace traditional exhibition completely. These viewpoints be extracted from different literatures. For the artistic viewpoint, the research has used Ways of Seeing and Management and the Arts, whereas, management books help elaborate the business viewpoint. 1. Traditional Exhibition scientific and technological advancement has dynamically altered the traditional exhibition industry, bringing in innovative technology into performance art, as is present in the capital of the United Kingdom Design Museum. This has enhanced the ability of artistic techniques to express and generate emotion, and has also made the use of network form more efficient. Experts also write close to how technological changes have affected the viewership and appreciation of the relevant art f orms and their exhibitions. Technology has enabled a whole new segment of visitors to visit these art exhibitions and museums to appreciate the work. These audiences are those present worldwide, who can now appreciate the art by visiting online galleries of these museums (Camp, MacFadden and Mercer, 2000). Thus, the visitors are no eight-day limited to physical visits to the institutions. Their visits are no longer contingent on their geographical location, but simply on their passion and interest in art. Furthermore, technology has made it possible to sort out and give to each of these virtual visitors individually, based on their educational backgrounds, ages and interests. This helps museums further achieve their goals of educating the public with the various lessons that art has to offer, and expanding their minds to further enable them to understand the depths of each objet dart of art. Thus, with this technological aide, museums are able to enrich the experience they provide to their visitors (Perlin 1998). Another relevant insight that the available literatures had to offer was about the Contaminated Cultural Materials in Museum Collections workshop that the Arizona State Museum at the University of Arizona in Tuscon held. The planning and implementation was sponsored by a NAPGRA grant, and the event took place from March 16th to eighteenth in 2000 (Odegaard & Sadongei, 2005). The workshop was held for representatives of the twenty one American Indian tribes in Arizona, aiming to discuss the features and quantity of chemical substance contamination present on tribal ethnic material that the museum possesses. Following this, it aimed to explain the need for using such poisons on the materials. This was accompanied by a brief overview of the health risks, which are potentially prone with preserving and restoring a functional object in order to display to a community. Finally, the workshop aimed to circulate the clearinghouse information pertaining to medical referrals as well as toxicologists, chemical hygienists and other such health experts (Odegaard and Sadongei, p xi, 2005). Conclusion The workshop highlighted some important facts that need attention when museums and tribes plan to collaborate in the restoration of objects beforehand sending them back to their place of origin. It shed light on the importance of communication in this ordeal. It is the museums responsibility to actively communicate all issue during consultations, and to stay the tribes informed during the whole process. The chances of uncovering a serious health issue of

Joseph Beuys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joseph Beuys - Essay ExampleThe paper Joseph Beuys concerns the German conceptual artist. When all classroom subjects are interlinked with the art and design curriculum, it helps students to become succesful learners in all the disciplines. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how art and design is not restricted to the art room, all subjects in the curriculum involve some formulation of creativity, and why this is important. In secondary school education, art and design offers pupils the opportunity to develop their creativity by using a range of skills in a wide variety of contexts. Pupils are able to communicate and to express their ideas and feelings in various forms such as making working models for science projects, enacting history done drama or dance, expressing creative literary work or poetry through information and communication technology, music and art, and other innovative outlets. Through exploring and share these ideas, pupils develop confidence and independen ce in learning. This is essential to becoming a successful learner who enjoys learning, makes progress and achieves higher learning outcomes. The importance of creativity and ethnic development through the curriculum is supported by Report. Pupils experience of new technologies helps them to develop the skills to investigate alternative ways of working. Students learn to value the learning address as a key part of the creative experience. They are enabled to understand their own and other cultures and possibilites to change things for the better.

Unemployment and its Effect on Consumer Spending Term Paper

Unemployment and its Effect on Consumer outgo - Term Paper ExampleUnemployment and its effect on Consumer Spending Unemployment has been a major issue that has been prevailing in every countrys economy since the global economic break hit the world during the course of instruction 2007.This is calculated by the dividing the total number of unemployed population with that of the employed ones in the country. Unemployment within a country can bring upon many diametric negative issues within an economy and this could further deteriorate the countrys performance. Consumer expenditure is an issue that is considered to have an inverse relationship with unemployment. This relation can be graphically presented as follows Consumer spending is the total aggregate demand of goods and services within an economy. Consumer spending, in simpler terms, can be referred to as the expenditure made by an individual. Consumer spending usually gets affected by different factors prevailing within an e conomy. There are many different factors that can vary the direct of consumer spending. Unemployment has brought upon mischievous effects on consumer spending within the entire world. An enlarge in the level of unemployment was seen when the recession hit within the 2007, although this recession is considered to be the second recession within the same decade i.e. 2000 2010, it had severe negative effects. The reason that the 1st recession was less damaging was because during that period i.e. 2001-2002, people carried out their respective expenditure trends because they availed the mortgage facility. On the other hand, consumer spending was severely affected during the second recession period i.e. 2007.... Although the Bureau of Labor Statistics within the United States showed a drop-off in the unemployment rate i.e. a fall of 0.4%, people still hazard it really difficult to find jobs within the country. According to many different commentators, the figures provided by the Bure au of Labor Statistics do not prove to be closer to reality. According to these commentators, an average unemployed worker approximately needs 33 weeks to find a job for himself. Such fall back and deteriorating facts contrast the figures provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and it is for this reason that many commentators have considered it to be bias (Jacob, 2011). The juvenile unemployment rate within the United States can be graphically shown as below (WSJ, 2012) This increase in the rate of unemployment has led to a reduction in the consumer spending level within the United States. Unemployment and consumer spending have contrasting issues i.e. they are inversely proportional. An increase in the level of unemployment would definitely reduce the level of consumer spending within an economy. Consumer spending is a necessary element that is required to stimulate an economy and it is for this reason, many governments try to put in proper financial and fiscal policies that m ay increase consumer spending in order to reduce inflation and maintain other economic factors within a country. The United States consumer spending level has not been pleasing during the past few years. According to the US Commerce Department, the consumer spending has risen by just a minute 0.1%. This increase has been considered to be really low as opposed to the predictions made by the US Commerce department. The United States

Misconception about the corrections system Research Paper

Misconception about the corrections formation - Research Paper ExampleThe business sector of the systems is care and custody of the offenders. Similarly, many another(prenominal) people believe that people are taken to corrections system so that they empennage be punished. They think that random assignment corrections system place in any inmate in a program is a form of injustice to the inmates (Rosenblatt 1996). This results in the misconception that the officers at those facilities misuse the right surf by giving them the harshest form of punishment. They fail to understand that there are rules guiding the officers on what form of punishment to impose on a accredited crime.The effective punishment for an offender is imprisonment and if one commits a crime, they will pay by spending time in correctional facilities (Santos 2007). This is a misconception because law breaking is punishable before law. The offenders are forced by these systems into accountability for their actions .Misconceptions about corrections system result from lack of info about these systems (Santos 2007). These can be corrected by giving the right information about corrections system. This could be through holding seminars with prisoners or sticking posters in their exposit conveying this information. Leaflets about the same can also be circulated for outside world to get to know more about corrections system.The central concern of the corrections system is to enforce punishment and rehabilitation to law breakers. However, there are misconceptions surrounding their way of operations. These misconceptions can be corrected by providing information about corrections

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Analysis - Essay ExampleMost Americans agree that quick food is unhealthy and has elusive consequences but they still eat it daily because their lifestyle demands such practices. they do not recognize how much it affects them. The article starts with a good introduction that expresses its pinch objectives and points of view way to reach the point and grasp grape the American Americans readers attention, which is sport, because Because most Americans love sports. The authors technique is effective because of the inclusion of the subject on sport which and it could be the first thing to be noticed in the an article. After mentioning sport, the authors introduces the problem and explains it and separates it out in details, supporting and support each part of the problem with scientific researches. It is shown that researches can effectively perfectly warn the reader from the ill effects of cheap fast food. Moreover, Then it gives some examples to support the researches. Finally, th e article provides solutions and encourages readers asking to take an action to solve the that issue wherein efforts are exerted either by form the government or from the people. Appealing to Logos, the article has a very convincing way to make the reader be easily drawn to agree with on the author side. It mentions how the problem of cheap fast food could make bad consequences. For example, water pollution is un congenial an acceptable to people because it affects their health and could make them ill or at risk. It also mentions that food industries cause water pollution because of the practices in garbage disposals and cleaning. Therefore, the author argues that fast food industry is synonymous to water pollution and this makes the cardinal conditions simply unacceptable. , and then it mentions food industry and how it turns to cause water pollution and that makes food industry has the same consequences of water pollution, what logically makes food industry an acceptable as much as water pollution is. Furthermore, it mentions cancer which is probably one of the most dangerous dangerousness complaints of customers because as it is commonly known, cancer could cause deaths if not very expensive and long process of treatments. in the and for sure most people know the deadly effects of it, and then the The article also mentions hormones that are be injected to cattle and seeds in order to make them grow fast and meet the demands of fast food chains. However, the hormones have diverse effects on cosmos who partake of the treated animals and other food products. This practice is unacceptable as well because it is already a parallel to cancer. bulking up immediate to make at large(p) fast food, that Hormones have dicey consequences which transfer to fast food and that cause breast and prostate cancer, which make that fast food an acceptable and dangerous as cancer is. In addition, the article mentions how air pollution is caused during the process so that the a uthor persuades readers not to support the fast food industry by purchasing their products. It also mentions how air pollution is another undesirable issue and persuades readers that how manures can pollute air with chemicals elements., which make manures that used to make cattle and seeds grow faster another dungarees issue and the same as air pollution.

Developing an Innovation Strategy for a Healthy Lifestyle at the Essay

Developing an Innovation Strategy for a Healthy Lifestyle at the Co-operative Food Group - Essay ExampleInnovation entails feeler up with new ideas and implementing them into new process, service, and product, resulting in the dynamic growth of the organization or national economy and increase employment opportunities. Innovation is not a one-time process, but it is a long and cumulative process that requires the organization to engage in decision-making processes that range from generation of new ideas to implementing them (Child, Gakkai, Kagono, and Urabe 3). Fuglsang (6) states that the definition of first appearance comprises of two aspects innovation and creativity, exploitation and exploration, or selection and variation. In other words, innovation is viewed as comprising of two integrated processes. New suitable inventions or ideas have to be sight in a creative manner. The interaction between those two processes is very vital for the success of the innovation (Fuglsang 6). Blue Ocean The proposed innovation strategy for adoption by CF captures the blue ocean innovation concept as well as low cost strategy with regard to operations ambitions. In the blue ocean innovation approach proposed by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, competition as a market force baneening smooth operations, CF will begin it advisable to explore new product and market profiles without the traditional limitations of competition (Kim and Mauborgne 3). Overcoming the completion limitation, referred to as red ocean, will facilitate CF accessing unlimited opportunities in new markets. Coupling this approach to the low cost leadership strategy, the blue ocean innovation will ensure that the operations at CF watch sustainable, particularly in the financial constrained operations space experienced today in Europe. Four main areas of the innovative strategy will be encompassed in the model as enumerated below. The proposed model below enumerates the approach that Cooperative Food ne eds to embrace in order to highlight healthy products filth image, eliminate competition and reduce operation costs. Critical Analysis In view of the major players that CF has, different approaches may prove effective to bonk with specific competitive threats posed by each of the competing sides. The identification of the major competitive threats is perhaps important in the enumeration and quantification of the competitive input undeniable at CF. some of the main market players likely to pose competitive threats to CF include ASDA, TESCO, Morrisons, Waitrose and Sainsburys. ASDA presents a particular market competition threat by its popular consumer involvement strategy referred to as Chosen by You category of products which enter on the companys menu through recommendation by the customers (Cooperative Food 6). With respect to capturing customer demands, the magnitude of this competitive threat illustrates the success levels likely to be attained by CF if a more customer cari ng and customer response approach formulate marketing concepts adopted. As an illustration of the ASDA wrought competition expected in 2012, over 1,000 such customer requested additions will enter into the competitive aspect. CF must therefore adopt more

Why I Love Business Essay Example for Free

Why I Love Business EssayThe idea to pursue a career in melodic phrase first infiltrated my mind when I was just twelve years old. My uncle, a successful businessman running a pharmaceutical comp any(prenominal), ignited my interest. He has been the most influential person in my carriage, and to this day I believe that without him, I probably would have no attraction to the business environment. My uncles legendary story about starting a business from, the bottom up, fascinated. After graduating college, my uncle went to Hainan, a fast-developing city on the coast of China. He had no m championy, immediately found work in construction, but being unskil lead labor the low pay barely helped. How perpetually, true to character, he never complained. During this time, my uncle ready himself for any opportunities to better himself. After three years of hard work, my uncle invested all the money he saved into the real estate industry. Sweet success He struggled from a humble student to a flourishing businessman. My uncle dedicated his life to the world of business, his fortitude and wisdom attributed to his success.Although I spent little time with my uncle when I was young, I enjoyed every occasion to talk and listen to him. I still remember once, during a family gathering, he talked about the concept of running a business, The occasion of running the company is not only for personal benefit. A successful businessman al looks creates great social value while accumulating wealth. What he should do is not only understand and apply the rules and regulations he should also spread the skills and concepts of running a business to opposites which may create uncountable benefits.To me at the age of el still, money disclosemed to be the only reason my uncle labored day and night. Although I couldnt understand the full meaning of his statement, at the time, I knew it was clever judging from the reactions of other family members. At the age of fifteen, I began my fer vent interest in reading which increased my understanding of the business world, through the books I read. B like, John Gordons The Great Game a History of Wall Street was my favorite. Mr.Gordons primary objective revolved around his stories of the great plungers and s evokedals that were usually considered the most pop histories of Wall Street. The book brings to life many intriguing personalities of business giants, like Boesky, Hamilton, Kennedy, Morgan and Vanderbilt. What appealed to me most was that the book arranged centuries of economic activity into a succinct, yet informatory novel embodying Wall Street not as an entity of finance but rather a thriving, complicated character.I was attracted to the beautiful and animated lifestyles of those people and imagined that my life in the future would be like theirs, full of excitement. The business world is not all as rosy as I imagined. Like any industry, its a roller coaster ride. The book shows the flip side with two specific examples of severe crisis. They involved scrupulous men, Jacob Little and Daniel Drew. Both because of poor brain and possible greed went bankrupt overnight Little and Drew had different styles, but perfectly fit the all American dream, the rags to riches story.Starting with no money, struggling up the ladder, one investment at a time, to their ultimate success. One of them filed bankruptcy four times the other is infamous for his foxy tracks and trips. Where ever the truth likes, Jacob Little and Daniel Drew will have their names remembered along side their exaggerated successful stories, with their loses forgotten. The dark side of the business world, peeked my curiosity even more, I wanted to explore its side and learn from it.The desire to immerse myself in the business world also came from my inner voice, attempting to break away from normal life. Growing up as the only child in the family, encouraged my parents to be over protective, and to indulge me excessively. They plann ed everything for me and expected me to behave in the way they wanted decided what was good for me and what was bad. For instance, I didnt like to draw, although I do appreciate the splendor of paintings, but because of my mothers longing, I had to recurrence drawing for four years.Before I wise to(p) to dispute against the so-called parental authority, I followed their rules and was a submissive girl who obeyed their every wish. My uncles experiences led me to think business was my weapon I could gain control of my life, through success Bluntly speaking, I thrived at the idea that money would make me autarkical from my family. At sixteen, I anticipated what it would be like to lead my own life the business world was a very appealing option. Greed is one of the deadliest sins for a valid reason. Some people with too much money fall into the greed pit.Its like a game that people can never win. My personal experience proved how misguided wealth and precarious greed could end in cor ruption. One of my cousins, twelve years older than me, grew up in a small village. He was a notable doctor, invaluable to the village, before money tarnished his life. Ironically, his hard work, brought him fame and respect, along with more money and and greed soft infected him. My cousin wasnt satisfied with his newfound wealth and turned to gambling, a vice he never thought about when he was alone earning a living as a modest doctor.Gambling, like greed, is a game you cant win and my cousin lost, and lost big. To accommodate his loses he started over charging his patients to. Eventually, his patients accused him and was sent to jail for two years. This distressing story taught me a life lesson of the corruption brought out by money. The more I learned about marketing, the more I wanted to venture into this side of business. Last semester I joined Michigan Advertising and Marketing, a student organization that provides strategic marketing services for local businesses.My team wo rked on a market research project to measure the advertising effectiveness among University students. The experience allowed me to enhance my virtual(a) skills in market research, learning how to write proposals, create surveys, and collect data. One challenge I discovered was the need to immediately apply our findings to the questions at hand. I learned that while deep analysis is important to marketing, correct and timely application is imperative and critical to the success of a campaign.Ive also enjoyed the subprogram of understanding the customers needs and desires, then translating those needs into a marketing strategy. I respect the concept that marketing is to create, manage and enhance products. All these experiences assist me on my journey into the world of business. I see the journey with amazing and remarkable foresight. Im walking along the road to success, I can see portions of my path, making me more excited to continue. With the future unknown, one thing for sure, I will have an unforgettable experience.

High School Life Essay Example for Free

High School Life EssayHigh school is a place where young teens learn to become right and responsible. It is a place where students get trained to take on bigger ch each(prenominal)enges in life. Obstacles such as college. From my own personal experiences, high school didnt be that way. Students were more concerned about getting a passing grade then about what they were taught. They would even cheat their way out of high school. This would swot up them for college. My crank course of instruction of high school, I was in a totally different place and it seemed quite interesting and fascinating at first. As the year passed by, I started to notice the techniques students were using to pass classes. It was something I didnt see while I was in junior high school. Students were cheating on almost all the tests. They would bring little print-out cheat sheets to class to use on the tests. Hardly anyone got caught by the teacher. When students did get caught, all they would do is den y and usually the teacher would estimable let them get away with it.As Casey Banas wrote in Why Students Are Turned Off? I sometimes estimated that half to two-thirds of a class cheated on a given test, Glanz said. Worse, Ive encountered students who feel no remorse about cheating that are annoyed that a teacher has confronted them on their actions (Banas 659). Cheating seemed equivalent the popular thing to do and if you didnt cheat you would be considered real foolish.. Everyone in the class knew what was going on and it was basically a whole class suit to cheat. Students would discuss what the answers were before taking the test and give each other opinions on how to cheat safely. When the test came back, every student in the class would clear a real close score, but the teachers didnt seem to notice anything at all. Most of the students that go into a certain class usually wouldnt even have it away what went on even after the class has ended.As Casey Banas wrote The teache r is convinced that the subject matter is worth go to sleeping, but the student may not agree. some(prenominal) students, Glanz said, are not convinced they need to know what teachers teach but they believe broad(a) grades are needed to get into college.(Banas 659) These kids could literally just model there for forty-five minutes daydreaming. I find that many students feel the classes are extremely boring and is of no use to them in the future. I ever so apply to ask myself Why do I need to know this stuff for?. When students feel this way, they dont do the work because they dont think they need it in life. When I used to go to high school, my whole class would get assignments and home works and about almost three-fourths of the class didnt do it. Instead they would appreciation until someone who was paying attention and did do the assignment to come along and let them copy the assignment.They would do it in way that the teacher wouldnt even know by slightly changing some wo rds here and there. After that, that paper gets passed around the entire class to the students who didnt do the assignment and everyone would have a slightly different paper. This way all the students hand in the assignment and will get a passing grade, but did they even learn anything?. These techniques that were used in the high school that I attended did work and a lot of students graduated from high school using these techniques. I, myself, used these techniques and got through my freshman year. As time went on I found that high school was really boring so I decided to cut and eventually dropped-out of school. These students got good grades and did all the assignments, but the truth is, they didnt learn much at all. They can have a 85 average and get into a good college, but will they be prepared enough to survive college level work? I dont think so.

One Year in a Life of Crime Essay Example for Free

sensation yr in a Life of Crime EssayThere be many bring factors that can pourboire to living a life of crime, totally unaware of how self-satisfying actions can negatively affect the people around you. The show HBOs America Undercover One Year in a Life of Crime, is a blameless example of how there can be many factors that exit lead you low-spirited a path of self destruction. But in the end it is the relationships we have with our parents, family and friends that ultimately shape the type of person we are and affect the decisions that we make. A contributing factor is something that is partly amenable for a development or something that lead to the cause of something else. If we can identify the contributing factors to an undesirable situation that we may be in, thusly we can learn to avoid them in the future. Or we can even out learn from other peoples mis outlets. The show One Year in a Life of Crime could be very beneficial for a younger audience to identify contr ibuting factors that lead you down the amiss(p) path in life. Maybe if the thieves in the show could have viewed something like this at an earlier time in their life, things might have turned come to the fore different for them.Rationalizing and wishful thinking is a contributing factor that prevents the thieves from thinking realistically about their future. Rationalization, also known as making excuses, is a instruction to devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for atomic number 53s behavior. To not search reality for what is it. We all do this from time to time but the individuals in the show bet to rationalizing everything as a centering to justify the bad choices they have made. snitch rationalizes his stealth in the scene where we meet his give for the first time. Robs father Ed travels all week long and only brings home $80, which Rob describes as peanuts. To survive, you have to make extra money, is one representation Rob justifies his stealing. In his mind , if he didnt steal, his family couldnt survive. In many scenes we hear Rob wishing for this and wishing for that.I wish for a big business so I can make a million dollars and if only I could get some money together to buy hot domestic dog truck. Rob is unwilling to work hard to achieve any of his goals. Fred, who is Robs mentor in regards to shoplifting, is even worse when it comes to rationalizing hes behavior. He cant entrust his old lady left with their little girl after he promised to stop getting high but and then couldnt follow through with his promise. He tells an old friend he wants to stop doing medicates and stealing but its just too much for him to embrace now that his old lady has left him. Rationalizing helps them justify their own lazy attitude towards hard work and making an honest living.The prevailing attitude towards stealing instead of on the job(p) is another contributing factor that keeps the thieves from getting ahead in life. Easy money for little effo rt, such as shop-lifting, can be very attractive to some people and they will choose this life style. But the way life works is the more you put into something the more you will get out. If youre willing to work hard and not give up, there is a good chance you will be successful in whatever you choose to do. When we look at Rob we can see he is always looking for easy money.Rob cant believe his father works for such little money when there are other ways to make a living. He thinks his father is foolish. When Rob was working for a neighborhood mechanic he had saved over a thousand dollars but thought the job wasnt paying enough. In his mind, the tot up of time and work he needed to put-in, didnt equal the pay he was receiving. Stealing is easier and doesnt require a full days work. Its hard to say no to easy money when there is only a small chance of getting caught and if you do get caught, then the punishment is light or non-existent.When a city does not have the resources to deal with a large volume of crime, the justice system can seem like a revolving door for the distressings. If the smaller criminals have to be overlooked because the system is swamped with major crimes, then the threat of toss time for shoplifting looses its power. sequence after time we see both Fred do little jail time for his crimes. The first time me meet Fred, hes accidentally been released from jail after only doing 60 days of a one year sentence. Hes been out of jail for one day and hes already back to shoplifting. Four months later Fred is arrested for Grand Larceny and Vehicular Homicide.He uses an alias along with a phony I.D. to hide his extensive criminal record and ends up out of jail in just three weeks after plea-bargaining down to minor charges as a first offender. Fred was responsible for the death of someone and because of an overwhelmed justice system he is set free. After you get away with something like this how much of a deterrent is the law when it comes to sho plifting? Not much to Fred because just three months later hes arrested for stealing silverware and end up in jail for six months. Of course distributively time we see the thieves stealing they are always with a friend, an accomplice, someone who thinks and acts the same way they do.Enabling is a larger contributing factor as to why our thieves live the life that they do. An enabler is a person who, through their actions, allows someone else to behave in a destructive way. Enabling/reinforcing negative behavior by lying, ignoring or covering up for someone not only allows negative behavior to continue but also slows down the process of learning to be responsible for the consequences of their actions. The nearly common example in the show is the relationship the thieves have with each other. Rob is mentored by Fred in the ways of shoplifting and along with their friend Mike, reinforces their life style as being just and the only way they can survive in the world. Robs wife Angela i s the perfect example of an enabler. Throughout the year that the show takes place we see Angela enabling Rob to continuing stealing.All she wants is for Rob to marry her and if stealing is the only way for Rob to make money, then she will support whatever decisions he makes. At the end of the show we see Rob has become a drug addict and Angela is still with him even though she hates what Rob is doing to himself. She would rather say nothing then confront him. Its a lot less work being an enabler then it is confronting Rob and trying to help him. Mikes mother is another example of how enabling has a negative impact on learning to be responsible for ones own actions. She bails Mike out of jail and losses the bail money because her son takes off. Im hypothesize here, but I would bet she knows where he is hiding out and her only reaction is to be indifferent to Mike decision which just terms her $750. The relationships we have with our friends and family play a strong role on how we think and the decision we make.The most important contributing factor as to why the thieves are in their situation has to do with how they were raised. The values they were taught and relationship they have with their parents. We can see Rob is in a pattern of self-destructive behavior and one of the biggest influences is his father. From the show we find out that Robs father is an alcoholic, would hit him and also throw out Robs toys. Rob even describes a scene where his father rips apart one of his favorite toys, a stuffed bunny rabbit. Here we can see why Rob might think it is ok steal. He learned from his father that if you are strong or smart enough to impose your will on someone then it is ok to take what you want. In Robs eyes this is how the world works. This is what his father did to him so he is repeating the same behavior when he shop-lifts. We can only guess at the relationship Fred has with his parents but we know that one of his uncles was a drug addict and Fred witnes s his uncle taking drugs. Its a good possibility Freds family didnt discourage drug use or educate him in regards to the negative impact drugs will have on your life.From the time we are born(p) we start to soak in our environment. We start to learn from everything around us. How we act socially mainly comes from the observations and interactions we have with our parents. We learn how to speak, how to ask for things and how to interact with others. When we are children the most important relationship we will have is with our parents and this can greatly affect our adolescences and adulthood. Our role models in life can help shape who we will become. If we see from our parents that hard work and following the rules doesnt get you very far then we might have an attitude that working hard isnt the way to go. Without good role models the odd are stacked against us and some individuals will take the easy road of a thieves life style. We can veer our behavior later in life but it can be a difficult process and most people are not even aware that a change is needed.

Freelancing: The Financial Issues

Freelancing The Financial IssuesA freelancer unisonian is a professional musician who is self-employed. This force be as a musician, vocalizer/songwriter, session engineer, producer, artist manager, music publisher, music promoter, event manager, or more than than superstar of these. A study in the USA by the National gift for the Arts, found that nearly 45% of professional musicians be self-employed.1I intend to set myself up as a freelance music producer as I believe that working on a freelance basis forget provide autonomy and flexibility anyplace my working life and the freedom to explore and develop different aspects of work that bear on me. I hope to work on a wide range of projects with companies across the industry, and make unseasoned contacts on each new project that will help to further my c arr. This paper reviews some of the financial issues that any(prenominal) self-employed person must(prenominal) rush with in the music industry.Freelancing takes you more control of your financial future. For instance, you will non dedicate to hope for the infrequent contain rises that come as an employee. However, on the d averside, freelancing alike means that you are directly responsible for your income. If you do not work you do not earn any money and your income good deal be timid and unpredictable and whitethorn vary considerably from month to month. Freelancers have no set salary, no compensable holiday or sick leave, no paid training, and no automatic enrolment in pension or health insurance schemes. Being self-employed excessively affects your eligibility for unemployment clears.2 Freelancers may have less hearty interaction with workplace colleagues and base risk becoming isolated. They also pauperisation to manage the financial issues that would norm on the wholey be crapn care of by an employer. These issues are not difficult to deal with, only they require time and effort, and meticulous record staying.Bud siti ngFor more musicians, the line betwixt profit and debt is very fine. You consider to forge a budget to ensure that you spend less than you earn.3The first step in budgeting is to calculate the costs of meeting your basic needs, that is items much(prenominal) as rent, food, wandering phone, internet and professional expenses. The website of the Savvy musician provides a work bug outful template for monthly budgeting.4 It is the optional expenses like eating out, buying new clothes and consumer goods that a good deal cause problems unless they are managed care unspoiledy. Credit card expenditure needs to be managed particularly care all-encompassingy, other impudent the monthly bill can come as a shock. Ideally you should patch up off the credit card expenses immediately to avoid late payment fees and interest. If you are thinking of making a major purchase, it is wise to ask yourself how long it will take you to earn that money.5Ideally, to cope with the risks and uncertainti es of freelancing, you should have savings that will concealment at least six months of basic expenses. Freelancers also need to consider their retirement. This might seem like an irrelevant distant eventuality, but the sooner you set up a retirement fund, the better. It is essential to take professional advice on your pension options.IncomeIncome from self-employment is known as trading income.6 Many freelancers are over-optimistic about their likely income, especially when offset out it is better to digress on the side of caution.There are many ways to earn money as a musician.7 Few musicians rely on one inauguration of employment the majority juggle numerous different roles. A survey in 2012, by the Future of Music Coalition (which aims to ensure that artists are paid fairly for their work), found that more than half of the professional musicians surveyed earned their money from three or more roles. Only 18% of respondents made their income from a exclusive role.8 It is sens ible to have a range of income sources to draw upon in case circumstances change in one rural area of your work. So, when planning your business, think creatively about all the ways you might earn money. Brainstorming the options, can rent to some surprising avenues such as teaching, tutoring, selling jingles and ringtones, or play non-traditional instruments. The Future of Music Coalition has published a list of over 40 possible sources of revenue for musicians.9 It is also important to remember that, despite late(a) funding cuts, some organisations do still provide grants for musicians for specific projects. Some of the sources recommended by the Musicians Union are listed in Appendix 1.You can of course, work both(prenominal) on a freelance basis and as an employee, and many freelancers start in this way, perhaps employed by an orchestra, or a music studio, and little by little building up the freelance side of their work. However, this can involve a fine balancing act, sinc e it is important that you are available for freelance commissions. If you are approached but are not available, whence that contact may not ask for your help again.Obviously a key issue is to decide what hourly aim to charge for your services. When you are starting out as a freelancer, this can be hard to gauge. It is advisable to try to get a sense of what the difference market grade is in the field in which you intend to work. You may have a rough idea of your worth, but do ask most to check that you are not under or over estimating what you can charge. You may also need to be flexible with your rates. When you are just starting out you may find that you need to take whatever work comes your way, even if this means that you do not always get to use the full range of your professional skills. You may need to accept more menial roles. For ensample, as a freelance producer, I accept that I may need to carry out some of the tasks that I might expect a session engineer to perfor m such as setting up the written text studio microphones, con bushels, booths, amps, stands, or sound checking for live events. Or I may do the work usually undertaken by a session engineer such as preserve, editing and mixing audio. Many freelancers undersell their skills simply to get work and it can be a fine balancing act to get work at a rate that reflects your skills. This does take both experience and confidence and it is something that you will learn subsequently some time in the industry.Contacts and Networking art object you may be working for yourself, your work prospects are highly dependent on your network of contacts and on developing good relationships with others in your field. The better your contacts are, the more likely it is that some will be able to push work in your direction. So, keeping your contacts list up to date, and actively seeking new contacts in the fields that you indispensableness to work in, is essential. This may involve attending record lau nches, socialising where those in your field hang out, even helping for free in studios in the hope that you will make useful contacts. Those who succeed independently are oftentimes ruthless in their pursuit of good contacts. You need to sow as many seeds as possible in the widest possible range of fields, with the aim of diversifying your sources of work and revenues so that, if for some reason you fail in one field there are other options to pursue in other fields.10Be organised Whether you use an accountant, or look after your own books, you must be organised, particularly regarding expenses claims, and must set aside time every week to ensure your books are up to date. You must keep copies of all your receipts, contracts, billhooks and equaliser in case the Tax Office (HMRC) require evidence for your accounts. You are also obliged to retain this information for up to 6 years after submission.11 Ideally your documents should be filed in chronological order, and break-danc ed into different types of document.ReceiptsIt is advisable to pay for as many things as possible by check or credit card as this gives you a useful double-check on expenses, and provides a receipt in case you lose the original. It is also recommended to have separate bank accounts for your business and personal affairs. If possible, you should also have a different credit card for work-related expenses, so that these are clearly separate from any personal expenditure. It is a good idea to staple any receipts for items paid by credit card onto your credit card statement.SpreadsheetsThe easiest way to keep track of your expenditure in a way that will help you or your accountant to submit the annual tax return, is to set up a simple Excel spreadsheet (although dedicated financial management programmes are also available). The columns in the spreadsheet might for example, be labelled as followsDate (expenditure incurred)Item (description of expenditure) moneyCheque How you paid comman d SpendingDebit cardCredit CardPhoneInternetPrint/postSubscriptionsBooks/Music Type of economic consumptionComputerEquipmentWagesConsultancyEntertainingTravel/SubsistenceVATAccountantsTaxYou consequently organise your receipts in chronological order and enter the details into the spreadsheet.Invoices should be numbered sequentially and paper copies filed as they are submitted. A similar Excel spreadsheet can help you keep track of when invoices were sent, the measure of VAT and expenses they entangle and when they were paid. The columns might for example be labelledInvoice NoDate sentDate received add amountExpensesVATTotal Net lead Annual TotalAccountantAs your business grows, you may decide to hire an accountant. If you are earning around 20,000 a year, with 2,000 annual expenses, you may find your own accountant pays for itself.12 People who do their own taxes are often unaware of all the deductions that are legitimate, so the money spent on hiring an accountant can pay off.1 3 Either way, do seek advice on what expenses are deductible.ContractsIt is obviously essential to ensure that you are paid for your work, and are paid fairly. Rather than passing this to chance, or trusting to the goodwill of your employer, you must have a robust contract for all the work that you undertake.There are many unscrupulous agents and managers in the industry who will exploit those who fail to handle this appropriately. Always get professional advice in advance signing contracts, as these can contain complex clauses which could ignore your income substantially.InvoicingYou should submit your invoices promptly and professionally otherwise your income could be delayed by your own inefficiency. If your contractor has cash flow problems, then that is their problem. You must not allow your generosity or inexperience to leave you out of pocket.The Musicians Union lists a number of elements that all invoices should include14Business name, logo, (if you have one), apostrophi ze, phone number, email addressContact name for queriesVAT number (if you are VAT readed) smart set Number (if you are trading as a Limited Company)Date of invoice and invoice number (generally sequential by date issued)Engagers name and addressDescription of the services date, times and venue etc.VAT collectibleExpensesTotal duePayment information bank name and address, account name, account number and sort code, plus IAN number and Swift Code (for international payments) harm For example Strictly 30 days net.Late Payment of DebtsThe Musicians Union also provides guidance on the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998. chthonian this Act, you may be able to claim statutory interest at 8%, and may also be eligible for compensation for late payment. The Unions level-headed services can help their members to pursue debts.15ExpensesKeeping track of all your business-related expenses is absolutely crucial many of these will be either tax-deductible or will need to be claimed back from your engager. This can be laborious, but is well-worth doing accurately as it can save a lot in unnecessary costs. HMRC has many detailed rules regarding items that can be claimed as legitimate business expenses, but essentially anything claimed must be used solely for your business.Legitimate expenses can include computers, data storage, music software, instruments, instrument cases, strings, drumsticks, resin, instrument insurance, repairs and spare parts, manuscripts and sheet music, publicity costs (flyers, badges, T-shirts, posters and photos), hire costs for rehearsal rooms, studios and instruments, audio equipment (such as CD or MP3 players), memberships, coaching, commission paid to agents and managers, solicitors fees, theatrical clothing, stationary, printing and photocopying, postage, business-related phone calls, internet costs, travel and expenses, entertainment and any other related expenses.If you use a distinct area of your home as an office, and u se it just for business purposes, you can also claim for a proportion of the total running costs of your home the interest on your mortgage, or your rent, property and contents insurance, and utilities.16 However, if you also use your home office for another purpose such as a guest room, then the amount that you can claim may be restricted. Some bills, such as phone use, must be apportioned into personal and business use before making a claim. You can also claim for any wages that you pay (e.g. for secretarial help or bridle-pathies). However, if you regularly use assistants you may need to sign up to a PAYE scheme which will involve deducting tax and National Insurance Contributions.17Many musicians travel extensively and all travel costs can be claimed. If your car is used for both business and pleasure, it is essential to use a gasoline mileage logbook to record details of the mileage. If you want to claim part of your car expenses against your tax, it will then be relatively straightforward to work out the proportion of business to private mileage.18 Motoring expenses cover road tax, insurance, petrol, servicing, maintenance, spare parts, subscriptions to motoring organisations, interest on loans for buying a vehicle, vehicle rental, and garage leasing.Instead of put down all your motoring expenses separately, it can be simpler just to claim Authorised Mileage Rates (AMRs). Currently the HMRC allowance for use of your own car or van, is 45p per mile for the first 10,000 miles. Any mileage over this in one year can only be claimed at 25p a mile. Motorbike rates are 24p per mile, and the rate for travel by bicycle is 20p a mile. To use this scheme, business mileage must be logged separately, but you cannot claim any other motoring expenses apart from parking fees, road tolls and the congestion charge.19 The AMRs scheme is only applicable if your turnover is below the VAT registration threshold20, 83,000 a year (from 1 April 2016).21 You must stick with o ne or the other scheme.Airfares and taxi, bus and train fares are all claimable, as are accommodation and subsistence costs (food and drinks). However, it is advisable to be modest in what you claim as any expenses can be scrutinised by HMRC.Collecting RoyaltiesThe world of music licensing and royalties is highly complicated, and the literature is full of stories about expensive legal disputes between artists, writers, recording companies, publishers, and internet companies. So, you may need to take legal advice if your income is dependent on collecting royalties. The organisation is also changing in response to demands from the industry, so you need to keep a careful watch on new legislation, particularly in the digital field. There are several types of royaltiesPublic Performance royalties are paid to songwriters and publishers by anyone who publicly performs their music on radio and television, live performances, retail outlets or over a service like Spotify or Pandora.mechanic ally skillful royalties are paid to songwriters and artists for CD or DVD sales, and when music is streamed on-demand (e.g. Spotify).22Print royalties are generated from sheet music for writers or publishers only. These royalties are typically bundled with performance rights royalties.Songwriters and recording artists usually assign their rights to a third party to manage, instead of trying to track a songs use and seeking payment independently. Song copyrights are often assigned to a music publisher, bandage master recording copyrights are assigned to a record label.Musicians and artists receive royalties in various ways agree to their field. Many royalties are paid through membership of a collection society. In the UK, these arePRS for Music, represents songwriters, composers and music publishers. It licenses the use of members compositions and lyrics and if a members music has been performed or broadcast, it collects and pays out the licence fees. In 2012 it collected music r oyalties of 641.8m.23MCPS (Mechanical Copyright Protection Society), collects licence fees on behalf of writers and publishers when their music is sold.PPL cover royalties from recorded music when it is broadcast or compete in public.While PRS for Music charge a 50 joining fee, there is no charge for PPL at present. Royalties from PRS are paid quarterly while those from PPL are paid on an annual basis. In relation to radio and TV broadcasts and live performances, the royalties are calculated exactly. However, for background music (as in say, shop precincts), payments are based on survey data. It is advisable to join a collecting society if your music has been recorded, broadcast, performed live or played in public.24The licensing and royalties system is highly complicated and contains many middle-men all of whom take their share of the profits from music. It also has several specific problems that artists should be aware of. These include bad contracts for example those that contai n clauses that reduce royalties due to breakage fees, which may have been reasonable when most music was distributed on vinyl, but are still included in contracts in the age of CDs. Grant of rights clauses mean that a contract can affect your revenue even beyond the end of a contract period. Similarly, a Controlled Composition Clause limits the amount of mechanical royalties the company is required to pay for records it releases, and holds the artist responsible for the excess. Its main purpose of is to NOT pay artists the statutory rate and to NOT increase royalties as costs of living increases basically, to thwart copyright law.25 This shows the importance of taking good legal advice on contracts.Sole Trader or Limited CompanyWorking as a sole trader is the more straighforward way to commence your business, and allows you to focus on getting the business dismission without having to worry about the extra administration that comes with operating as a limited company. The process of setting up a limited company is more complex, and brings additional financial and administrative responsibilities such as appointing directors, registering with Companies House, completing company accounts and an annual return, and dealing with Corporation Tax. However, a limited company brings several benefits over sole trading. This is the main reason why after trading for a couple of years, and perhaps earning at least 30,000 per year, many freelancers set up as a limited company.26The cost of setting up a company is minimal, and it is possible to handle much of the paperwork yourself to minimise accountants fees. You may not bother with an accountant if you are a sole trader with a small turnover, but most limited companies use accountants. Their charges for preparing the annual accounts for a company are ordinarily a little higher than for sole traders.27Tax and National Insurance Contributions (NICs)Most freelancers set up a limited company to reduce the amount of tax that they pay. The profits of a limited company are subject to Small Profits Corporation Tax rate, which is currently 20%, on a turnover of 300,000 or less per year. Income tax rates are currently 0% on earnings up to 11,000, 20% between 11,001 and 43,000, 40% between 43,001 and 150,000 and 45% over 150,000.28 Therefore the direct tax advantages of trading as a limited company only come into play when your earnings are over 43,000.However, since salaries and not dividends are subject to NICs, many company directors opt to draw a small salary and to take most their income as a dividend. In this way NI contributions are minimised, which is the main reason why the limited company is more tax efficient than the sole trader route.Company directors must complete an annual self-assessment tax return, just like freelancers. The company also pays tax, but separately from its directors. This tax must be paid before any profits are allocated to shareholders, and within 9 months after the end of th e period for which the corporation tax returns have been produced.29National Insurance (NI)free-lance individuals pay Class 2 and Class 4 NICs. Class 2 NICs are 2.80 per week, (except for those with low earnings). Class 4 NICs apply to annual profits, and are payable at 9% on profits between 8,060 and 43,000 per year, and 2% on any profits higher up this threshold.30 Limited companies and their employees pay Class 1 NICs on salaries above 155 per week. Thereafter, the company pays NICs at 13.8% of salaries, and employees pay NICs at 12% on salaries up to 827 per week (2% above this threshold).31Limited LiabilityUnder law, limited companies are deemed to be separate entities from their owners. This means that the company bank account, any assets and any tenders or contracts are just the business of the company and are totally separate from the interests of the companys shareholders. If you run a limited company therefore, your personal assets, such as your house, are protected again st company debts. Sole traders do not have this trade protection from financial claims, and may therefore decide to take out professional liability insurance (if appropriate to the risks they face).FundingAs a limited company is a distinct entity from its owner, banks can look more favourably on applications for loans than they would for sole traders.32ProfessionalMany larger firms, prefer to deal with limited companies rather than sole traders. So, trading as a company can open access to a range of clients that might be reluctant to engage sole traders. Having a limited company can also bestow a more professional image be able to introduce yourself as a Director, can mean that your clients accord you more respect.33Company NameWhen your company is registered with Companies House, its name is legally protected, and cannot be used by anyone else. Sole traders have no such protection.ShareholdersBecause a limited company can issue shares, you are able to sell a stake in your compan y, or transfer the will power of shares. This can be an advantage if you wish to raise capital or retire.PensionEmployees pensions are tax-deductible in limited companies another tax benefit that sole traders do not enjoy.34TaxesA major burden as a freelancer is being responsible for your own taxes. It is your responsibility to declare your income and pay tax on it. As a self-employed musician, instead of paying tax through a PAYE scheme (as an employee would), you must complete a Self-Assessment form every year, to inform HMRC about your income, and calculate how much tax you owe.35 If you are newly self-employed, you will need to register using use form CWF1. Most HMRC registrations can now be done online on their website.36 HMRC will then confirm your registration and give you a Unique Taxpayers Reference (UTR). The UTR should be quoted on all correspondence and on all payments made. The tax return should disclose your taxable income for the relevant tax year.Tax Returns should usually be filed with HMRC by 31 October (for returns filed by paper) or 31 January (for electronic submission) pastime the end of the year of assessment. For example, for the tax year ended 5 April2016, a paper return must contact the HMRC by 31 October 2016, while the deadline for online filing is 31 January 2017. Fixed penalties are automatically enforced for failure to submit by these dates. 37A tax year starts on 6 April and ends on the following 5 April. For the first tax year of self-employment, taxes do not have to be paid until 31 January following the end of that year. Subsequent payments will normally be made in two instalments, in January and July each year. Payments can be made by Direct Debit, Bank Giro, online banking etc.38You must also keep records on any other sources of income such as bank interest, dividends, P45s/ P60s from pension providers or employers, any benefits like the state of matter Pension or Job Seekers Allowance, any assets you have sold, and inc ome from any land or property in the UK or overseas. 39As noted above, the advantage of being self-employed is that you can deduct your business-related expenses. Be sure to keep good records on everything that you spend. Organize this into a spreadsheet and keep the back-up receipts that document your expenses. 40VATIt is not compulsory to register for VAT until your turnover, exceeds 83,000 a year (from 1 April 2016).41 However, you can register voluntarily no matter what your turnover is, and if you do so, you can then claim back the VAT you were charged on telephones, instruments, etc. However, this does mean that you will also have to charge VAT on all your fees (every gig, music lesson, arrangement, etc.) and handle the additional paperwork. You should seek the advice of an accountant on the benefits and pitfalls of VAT registration before deciding. Failing to register for VAT at the appropriate time, can lead to a late registration fine. Although, if your income varies and on ly exceeds the threshold for a short time, you can notify HMRC and obtain their prior agreement not to have to register for VAT.42Once you have registered for VAT, it will become chargeable at 20% on all your invoices. VAT can also be recovered on most business expenditure, subject to various rules. To recover VAT on purchases and expenses, the items must be used directly for your business and you must keep a VAT receipt as evidence, (a credit card slip is not sufficient). Items that could be used for both business and personal purposes, e.g. home telephone calls, must be apportioned and only a proportion of the VAT recovered. 43National Insurance Contributions(NICs)As noted earlier, freelancers are responsible for their own Class 2 and Class 4 NICs. Even those who are employed, and paying Class 1 contributions must pay Class 2 and Class 4 contributions on their freelance earnings. The rates are dependent on profit levels. You must inform the Social Security office that you are in b usiness by registering as self-employed. If you fail to do this within three months of becoming self-employed you will incur a penalty, the amount of which is based on the contributions missed and the reasons for registering late.The easiest way to pay Class 2 National Insurance Contributions every month is by direct debit to the National Insurance Contributions Office. The Class 2 rate is 2.80 per week. Self-employed people who earn less than the threshold of 5,965 can be exempt under the Small Profits Threshold, although they may wish to preserve their state benefit entitlements by continuing to pay the contributions. 44The rate for Class 4 contributions is currently 9% of self-employed profits between 8,060 and 43,000 per annum, with a further 2% payable on all profits above this threshold.45ConclusionMost musicians, whether they are working as a singer/songwriter, session engineer, producer, artist manager, music publisher, music promoter, or event manager have little choice but to operate as freelancers today. There are simply not enough opportunities for full time salaried work in the industry to meet the potential demand. Employers have come to rely on the flexibility and low overheads that a kitten of self-employed musicians can offer them. This is not necessarily a bad thing. It does mean that work is uncertain and unpredictable, but it brings musicians the freed