Important Attributes Of Body Language Cultural Studies Essay

Important Attributes Of Body Language Cultural Studies EssayAn non such theater director avoids adaptors that get under bingles skin negative meaning e.g. fidgeting or playing with objects to indicate nervousness. Also, an i aim coach-and-four effectively utilizes various gestures, which are referred to as kinesics by researchers, to feed clues that he / she is actively listening to a conversation or to pop off his / her agreement or disagreement over an argument.Facial expression and inwardness penetrate Facial expressions convey various human emotions and an ideal manager uses facial management techniques to convey dependable expression at right time. Managers gouge let on cartel and earn credibility by making and maintaining constant eye contact with their audience.Personal stead Although non a direct part of communicative communication giving appropriate some iodinal place to a person depending upon his / her preference, liking, gender and age is a key conside ration for an ideal manager dapple trying to project a steady-going image.Touch At workplace an ideal manager laughingstock use touch to lapse signedly two in a social context or business context. The professional touch is businesslike and impersonal.The external factors that affect the personate wording of a manager at work place areRegional effects An ideal manager should be aware of the regional interpretations of various corpse language signals e.g. motion of head might signal a yes in some regions whereas same gesture may be interpreted as a no in others.Gender effects The gender of a manager affects the message communicated by his / her body language.Status effects Body language signals given and interpreted by individuals depend upon the status that the person holds in society or at workplace. Managers at various levels in hierarchy in an organization need to travel along different style of non oral communication.Culture effects The degree and rules of expression of some aspects of nonverbal communication differ across socializations. With increasing globalization a manager should be cognizant of the cultural context of the audience to be able to effectively utilize nonverbal communication.REPORT TEXTTABLE OF nubOVERVIEWTurabian / Chicago style of formatting has been followed plot of ground creating this report.Business and managerial communication may be defined as the use of language or nontextual matter in business. While the two authorized parts of managerial communication viz. written and oral communications take center stage, managers tend to shake off nonverbal communication which forms an equally important aspect of their communication. Nonverbal communication may constitute two-thirds or much of total communication. Since nonverbal signals stinkpot be truly(prenominal) supportful in responding to others and making stronger connections with clients and colleagues they can be apply by managers to create an impression about themselves.Body language plays a very important role in our day-to-day business activities. Since a role of manager demands that he / she achieves the goals with or by dint of other people the need for good interpersonal skills becomes increasingly important. Nonverbal communication forms a very important part of interpersonal communication along with verbal and written communication. Mastering nonverbal communication helps manager decode the silent signals of others and align their body language with the attitude they want to project thus gaining a competitive advantage in business.Excelling in nonverbal communication can help manager excel in following areasLeadership To be able to influential as a leader it is important for managers to understand the message that employees want to communicate both verbally and nonverbally and to be able to effectively communicate congruently by align spoken words with their body language.Negotiation Acquiring understanding of body language hel ps manager correctly read between the lines of what people are saying. This can act as an effective tool along with ability to establish credibility using good body language in process of negotiation. sales Ability to convey nonverbal cues effectively helps manager sell their ideas and products.Customer service Understanding customers inescapably by their nonverbal signals can go a long way in delivering customer delight.Given the importance that nonverbal communication holds in professional life of a manager it is very important to understand various attributes that are associated with body language of an ideal manager and factors that affect the same. This research has been undertaken to analyze these attributes and their impact on communicating nonverbal cues effectively by a manager. This report outlines the analysis of these attributes and factors and draws some conclusions that will be helpful for managers to understand how they can effectively incorporate nonverbal communica tion at workplace.PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SCOPEThe purpose of this research is to identify and analyzeWhat are the attributes that affect the body language of a manager?How can a manager effectively incorporate nonverbal cues to align body language with verbal communication?What are the external factors that affect nonverbal communication?The mount of this research is limited toNonverbal communication at workplaceNonverbal communication for managersRESEARCH ANALYSISESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES OF BODY LANGUAGE OF AN IDEAL music directorIn the workplace, people can convey a great deal of information without unconstipated speaking this is called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication can convey more than written and verbal communication, and human beings read and react to these nonverbal signals in the workplace. As per the cited study by Prof. Albert Mehrabian of UCLA, words, t sensation of voice and body language account for 7%, 38% and 55% of personal communication. Body languag e is kind of nonverbal communication that involves body movement and gestures, which communications researchers call kinesics. in that respect are numbers of possible signs that can be communicated through body movements and gestures. In addition to body movements and gestures, the nonverbal cues can be expressed through facial expressions and eye contact, personal quadrangle, and touch, influence individual interactions in the workplace. In present dynamic business scenario, the quality of a good Manager seeks to communicate effectively through Non Verbal cues i.e. body movements and gestures, facial expression etc.Body movement and gesturesMovement and gestures are key components of body language. Gestures or movements of the head, hands, arms, and legs can be used to convey specific messages that acquit important linguistic translations.Here are some helping tips to use gestures and movement effectivelyHow to stand unmatchable should stand with feet shoulder-width apart, kne es relaxed. Body weight should be evenly distributed on both feet. Nervous pacing or shifting of one foot to other needs to be avoided. Stand up straight. Ones shoulders should be buns and his/her head held high so he/she can make eye contact. This particular posture shows assumption and helps one breathe more entirey.What to do with your hands Hands always need to place in the neutral position, hanging loosely at both sides, so they will be available for natural gestures. Both arms folded across the chest is a universal gesture that signifies defensiveness or negativity. It signals an attempt to suppress from an unfavourable situation. It can also signify disagreement, discontentment or discomfort. An ideal Manager should always be aware of these facts. Hands in pockets to be avoided since it can lead to a sloppier posture. Hands should be empty. Hand gesture can be used in conveying many important messages. If one must(prenominal)iness hold something (notes or the PowerPoint remote), he must be aware of what he is doing. One must not point at the audience.How to Use Gestures Gestures can help in communicating ones ideas and a little goes a long way. Use of a variety of smooth, deliberate and natural gestures supports and visually illustrates a Managers message very effectively to audiences. A relaxed posture while walking or during a meeting always needs to be maintained. Relaxed posture indicates one is sluttish in his/her surroundings and not under stress. Even if in a stressful work atmosphere, one Managers calmness and relaxed posture help others around to feel more comfortable and to lose more faith in his abilities to lead and delegate responsibilities. In workplace, it is often common that we offer handshake when we are introduced to a naked as a jaybird individual. Handshake is a gesture of welcome The interlocking of palms signifies openness and the touching signifies solidarity. The styles of handshakes are generally governed by the attitu des of a person, namely a) Dominance b) Submission c) Equality. For a manager, it is important generally in a workplace, he goes with the equality attitude. Researchers also categorize certain nonverbal behaviours called adaptors, which are typically unconscious behaviours and are used when a person is tense or anxious. Examples of adaptors are ad respectableing ones clothes, biting ones nails, cracking of knuckles, or fidgeting and toying with an object. These indicate to others that a person is upset or nervous, and such kind of behaviour during a meeting with a co-worker may be interpreted very negatively. A Manager engaged in such behaviour may be seen as preoccupied or anxious. Gestures and movement provide the visuals that accompany your words. Learning to use them effectively helps to convey ones message with confidence and the audience will see the message instead of just hearing it. But use any gesture that is irrelevant to the message is strictly not recommended.Facial exp ressions and eye contactFacial expressions and eye contacts are types of nonverbal communication that go very closely with body language and can have an noticeable effect on business relations. Researchers have found that people can identify with great accuracy seven separate human emotions, even after seeing unless facial and eye expressions sadness, happiness, anger, fear, surprise, contempt, and interest. in that locationfore, without speaking a word, a facial expression can convey a great deal of information to others. The face is the primary source of emotions. Similarly, eye contact or lack of eye contact can also indicate a persons attitudes and emotions. at that place are hundreds of languages in the world, but a smiling speaks them all. A simple smile can make others feel more at ease where a frown can make people see that one is aggressive or unsure of something. We use facial expressions to get our points across in the right context. For example, your message would su ffer if you were saying how angry you are with a huge smile. Similarly use of positive facial expression with a genteel smile becomes very effective while a Manager tries to convince one of his clients. center of attention movement is a key part of facial behaviour because the eyeball are invariably involved in facial displays.When someone talks to you, do they look directly at you or look away? Maintaining eye contact when talking (or listening) to someone gives an impression that one is confident and honest. Making little eye contact gives a different kind of impression, like one is nervous or shy. The direct stare of the speaker can show candour or openness. Downward glances are generally associated with modesty eyes furled upwards are conveyed as a sign of fatigue.Personal spaceResearchers use the term proxemic to describe the way that a person uses space in communication. Each individual has a personal space, which is like an invisible bubble surrounding them. This bubble be comes larger or smaller, depending on the person with whom we interact. We are comfortable standing or sitting closer to someone we like and standing or sitting at a distance with someone we dislike or dont know well. However, the amount of personal space that a person desires depends on many characteristics, including culture, situation, closeness of relationship, gender and age. One can use physical space to communicate many different nonverbal messages, including signals of intimacy, aggression, dominance, or affection. The most important observation one can make about a room full of people is the personal space each person commands. Human nature dictates that people considered more powerful are typically awarded greater personal space by the other people in the room. Research data shows that, while interacting with friends, relatives, or conducting casual business, most people prefer a distance of one and a half to four feet. When conducting formal or impersonal business, most i ndividuals prefer a personal space of 4 to 8 feet. Therefore, a person is likely to be more comfortable standing closely to a trusted co-worker than to a new customer. A good Manager must be aware of these kinds of behaviours to effectively convey his/her position and authority.TouchIn the workplace, people may use touch to communicate nonverbally. The functional-professional touch is business-like and impersonal. The social-polite touch, such as a handshake, is much more common. This type of touch is used to recognize other individuals. It is an expected touch in many business settings. Finally, the friendship-warmth touch shows how one treats another as a person. A pat on the back or a hug is a friendship-warmth touch. In most workplaces, the social-polite touch is the only necessary touch, and most Managers are encouraged to avoid the friendship-warmth touch in the workplace. Many people see a hand on a shoulder or a pat on the back as a useful touch to convey encouragement or co ncern for anothers well-being. Finally, personal space and touch are used differently in different nations. Americans tend to prefer larger amounts of personal space than do some Indians, Latin Americans, Italians, and Middle-Easterners. Germans, Chinese, and Japanese prefer larger amounts of personal space, similar to what Americans prefer. Thus, when conducting business with people from other cultures, it is important to understand and respect their personal space needs.EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT sign(a) COMMUNICATIONRegional effects People across the world recognize a set of common gestures. For an ideal manager, this is a great boon as there is no huge task of ensuring that his/her non-verbal cues are not misinterpreted. It is however important that the ideal manager is aware of the differences of meaning. For example, research shows that the shoulder shrug is a universal gesture. It means that the person who makes the gesture does not know whatever was asked for him. Gesture s like clapping would mean calling somebody or could mean just plain applause. Although greetings change cross different countries, there are number of features which are common Close Proximity, direct orientation, eyebrow flash, smiling, mutual gaze, body contact, presenting the pal,- every visibly or for shaking. Similarly, gestures that denote emotions are very similar across cultures.Gender effects The gender also decides the interpretation of gestures. For a male manager if he is in doing a presentation, with his hands in his pockets, it will be seen as gesture which shows his nervousness or insecurity. However the same gesture when a woman does, it is interpreted as aggression.Status effects Research studies have shown that high-ranking officials resort to fewer gestures than their subordinates. The less educated rely more on gestures than on communication based on words.Culture effects Different cultures have different interpretations of nonverbal cues. Moreover, an acceptabl e gesture in one culture might be considered as an offensive one in another culture. Hence, it becomes very important to take into consideration the cultural context of the audience while trying to use nonverbal communication. An ideal manager, equipped with knowledge of culture effects on body language, can effectively use nonverbal cues to communicate with target audience.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSBody language constitutes 55% of the person communication of a manager. The image projected of an ideal manager is the sum total of various attributes of his non verbal communication body movement, eye contact, touch and personal space. There are variations in the body language of a manager, depending on the set environment and sex. In spite of these extraneous influences, it is possible to identify some typical behavioral patterns that define his/her spirit in positive and negative way. Many researches and observation have provided some standards for the observable attributes of t he body language of an ideal manager.Body language of a manager is an integral part of communication across businesses and regional settings. There are some expected/favored attributes that can be developed to project an ideal image of a manager. Though these non-verbal communications are in a way natural reflection of overall social and educational upbringing of a being, these can be developed as well. The study of body language is a developed science and provides sufficient aids to a keen learner. There are some regional, status and gender influences on the body language and these distinctions are imperative to be known to managers communicating with wide range of people across geographies and culture.APPENDIXRESEARCH DATASketch of personality of the manager as defined by his / her body languageNonverbal Message/Body LanguageTypical InterpretationMaking Direct Eye ContactSelf-Confident, Assertive, Friendly, SincereAvoiding Eye ContactNervous, Evasive, Indifferent, PassiveErect pos ture (head up, shoulders back)Self-confident, AssertiveSmilingContended, Understanding, EncouragingClenching handsNervous, Anxious, FearfulShaking HeadDisagreeing, Shocked, atheisticBiting the lipWorried, AnxiousRaising eyebrowsDisbelieving, SurprisingFolding armsDefensive, DisagreeingOpen armsReceptiveLeaning forwardAttentive, InterestedPatting on the backEncouraging, Congratulatory, ConsolingFidgetingImpatient, NervousChin StrokingMaking a decisionSlouching in seatBored, UninterestedEye rollDismissive gesture that indicates favorable positionTilted to one sideShowing interestScratching the headBewilderedREFERENCESKurien, Daisy. 2010. Body Language Silent Communicator at the Workplace. The IUP Journal of Soft Skills, Vol. IV, Nos. 1 and 2 29-36Zhou, Hui and Zhang, Tingqin. 2010. Body Language in Business Negotiation. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, http//www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/1680/1588 (accessed 18 August 2010) 90- 96Dumbrava, Gabriela and Koronka, Adriana. 2009. Actions Speak Louder Than words Body Language in Business Communication. Annals of the University of Petroani, Economics, 9(3) 249-254